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MED-SURG HESI practice questions from the Saunders book
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The nurse is preparing to assist a client with a cuffed tracheostomy tube to eat.
What intervention is the priority before the client is permitted to drink or eat?
Inflate the cuff
Rationale: If a client with a tracheostomy is allowed to eat and the tracheostomy has a cuff, the
nurse should inflate the cuff to prevent aspiration of food or fluids. The cuff would not be
deflated because of the risk of aspiration.
The nurse has implemented a bowel maintenance program for an unconscious
client. The nurse would evaluate the plan as best meeting the needs of the client
if which method was successful in stimulating a bowel movement? Glycerin
suppository
Rationale: The least amount of invasiveness needed to produce a bowel movement is
best. Use of glycerin suppositories is the least invasive method and usually stimulates
bowel evacuation within a half-hour.
A client is readmitted to the hospital with dehydration after surgery for creation of
an ileostomy. The nurse assesses that the client has lost 3 lb of weight, has poor
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skin turgor, and has concentrated urine. The nurse interprets the client's clinical
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picture as correlating most closely with recent intake of which medication, which
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is contraindicated for the ileostomy client? Biscodyl
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Rationale: The client with an ileostomy is prone to dehydration because of the location
of the ostomy in the gastrointestinal tract and should not take laxatives.
The client is complaining of skin irritation from the edges of a cast applied the
previous day. Which action should the nurse take? The nurse petals the edges of
the cast with tape Rationale: minimize skin irritation.
The nurse is taking a health history for a client with hyperparathyroidism. Which
question would elicit information about this client's condition? "Are you
experiencing pain in your joints?"
Rationale: Hyperparathyroidism is associated with over secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which
causes excessive osteoblast growth and activity within the bones. When bone reabsorption is increased,
calcium is released from the bones into the blood, causing hypercalcemia. The bones suffer
demineralization as a result of calcium loss, leading to bone and joint pain
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A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level greater than 600
mg/dL (34.3 mmol/L) and is complaining of polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, and
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weakness. The nurse reviews the health care provider's documentation and
expects to note which diagnosis? Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)
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Rationale: HHS is seen primarily in clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who experience
a relative deficiency of insulin. The onset of signs and symptoms may be gradual.
Manifestations may include polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, mental status alterations,
weight loss, and weakness.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who will be admitted to the
hospital with a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the right leg. The
nurse develops the plan, expecting that the health care provider (HCP) will most
likely prescribe which option? ---Maintain activity level as prescribed.
Rationale: Standard management for the client with DVT includes maintaining the activity level
as prescribed by the health care provider; limb elevation; relief of discomfort with warm, moist
heat; and analgesics as needed. Recent research is showing that ambulation, as previously
thought, does not cause pulmonary embolism and does not cause the existing DVT to worsen.
Therefore, the nurse should maintain the prescribed activity level, which could be bed rest or
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ambulation. Opioid analgesics are not required to relieve pain, and pain normally is relieved with
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acetaminophen.re provider (HCP) will most likely prescribe which option? Maintain activity level
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as prescribed.
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A client has had surgery to repair a fractured left hip. When repositioning the
client from side to side in the bed, what should the nurse plan to use as the most
important item for this maneuver? ----- Abductor splint
Rationale: After surgery to repair a fractured hip, an abductor splint is used to maintain
the affected extremity in good alignment. A bed pillow and an overhead trapeze also are
used, but neither is the priority item to be used in repositioning the client from side to
side.
The nurse is preparing to care for a client who had a supratentorial craniotomy.
The nurse should plan to place the client in which position? Semi Fowler's
Rationale: you know why
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Ed
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Ed
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MED-SURG HESI practice questions from the Saunders book
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Ed
The nurse is preparing to assist a client with a cuffed tracheostomy tube to eat.
What intervention is the priority before the client is permitted to drink or eat?
Inflate the cuff
Rationale: If a client with a tracheostomy is allowed to eat and the tracheostomy has a cuff, the
nurse should inflate the cuff to prevent aspiration of food or fluids. The cuff would not be
deflated because of the risk of aspiration.
The nurse has implemented a bowel maintenance program for an unconscious
client. The nurse would evaluate the plan as best meeting the needs of the client
if which method was successful in stimulating a bowel movement? Glycerin
suppository
Rationale: The least amount of invasiveness needed to produce a bowel movement is
best. Use of glycerin suppositories is the least invasive method and usually stimulates
bowel evacuation within a half-hour.
A client is readmitted to the hospital with dehydration after surgery for creation of
an ileostomy. The nurse assesses that the client has lost 3 lb of weight, has poor
e
ie
di
skin turgor, and has concentrated urine. The nurse interprets the client's clinical
ird
picture as correlating most closely with recent intake of which medication, which
uB
is contraindicated for the ileostomy client? Biscodyl
Ed
Rationale: The client with an ileostomy is prone to dehydration because of the location
of the ostomy in the gastrointestinal tract and should not take laxatives.
The client is complaining of skin irritation from the edges of a cast applied the
previous day. Which action should the nurse take? The nurse petals the edges of
the cast with tape Rationale: minimize skin irritation.
The nurse is taking a health history for a client with hyperparathyroidism. Which
question would elicit information about this client's condition? "Are you
experiencing pain in your joints?"
Rationale: Hyperparathyroidism is associated with over secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which
causes excessive osteoblast growth and activity within the bones. When bone reabsorption is increased,
calcium is released from the bones into the blood, causing hypercalcemia. The bones suffer
demineralization as a result of calcium loss, leading to bone and joint pain
ie
ird
ie
uB
ird
Ed
uB
Ed
, Ed
ie
ird
A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level greater than 600
mg/dL (34.3 mmol/L) and is complaining of polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, and
uB
weakness. The nurse reviews the health care provider's documentation and
expects to note which diagnosis? Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)
Ed
Rationale: HHS is seen primarily in clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who experience
a relative deficiency of insulin. The onset of signs and symptoms may be gradual.
Manifestations may include polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, mental status alterations,
weight loss, and weakness.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who will be admitted to the
hospital with a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the right leg. The
nurse develops the plan, expecting that the health care provider (HCP) will most
likely prescribe which option? ---Maintain activity level as prescribed.
Rationale: Standard management for the client with DVT includes maintaining the activity level
as prescribed by the health care provider; limb elevation; relief of discomfort with warm, moist
heat; and analgesics as needed. Recent research is showing that ambulation, as previously
thought, does not cause pulmonary embolism and does not cause the existing DVT to worsen.
Therefore, the nurse should maintain the prescribed activity level, which could be bed rest or
e
ie
ambulation. Opioid analgesics are not required to relieve pain, and pain normally is relieved with
di
acetaminophen.re provider (HCP) will most likely prescribe which option? Maintain activity level
ird
as prescribed.
uB
Ed
A client has had surgery to repair a fractured left hip. When repositioning the
client from side to side in the bed, what should the nurse plan to use as the most
important item for this maneuver? ----- Abductor splint
Rationale: After surgery to repair a fractured hip, an abductor splint is used to maintain
the affected extremity in good alignment. A bed pillow and an overhead trapeze also are
used, but neither is the priority item to be used in repositioning the client from side to
side.
The nurse is preparing to care for a client who had a supratentorial craniotomy.
The nurse should plan to place the client in which position? Semi Fowler's
Rationale: you know why
ie
ird
ie
uB
ird
Ed
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Ed
