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Samenvatting Thermodynamica | Toestandsdiagrammen | UA | 2025/26

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Deze samenvatting voor Thermodynamica aan de Universiteit Antwerpen biedt een volledig overzicht van de drie fundamentele toestandsdiagrammen: p-V, T-S en h-s (Mollier). Het behandelt alle isolijnen (isotherm, isobaar, isochoor, isentroop, polytroop), kringprocessen, stoomkoepels, en praktische technieken voor het herkennen en zelf tekenen van diagrammen op het examen. Perfect voor handelsingenieurs die snel willen leren welke oppervlaktes welke energievormen vertegenwoordigen en hoe elk procestype eruit ziet in verschillende diagrammen.

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WARMTELEER VOOR TECHNICI


Samenvatting Grafieken
Alle toestandsdiagrammen, isolijnen en kringprocessen — wat je eruit afleest, wat de
oppervlaktes betekenen, en hoe je ze zelf tekent op het examen.

Kleurcodering (overal consistent)
• Isotherm — T constant
• Isobaar — p constant
• Isochoor — v constant
• Isentroop — s constant (adiabaat)
• Polytroop — pVⁿ = C
• Verzadigingskoepel — reële stoffen

,Inhoud
Inhoud.......................................................................................................................................... 2
1. De drie fundamentele diagrammen..........................................................................................3
2. Het p-V diagram....................................................................................................................... 4
3. Het T-S diagram....................................................................................................................... 5
4. Het h-s diagram (Mollier)..........................................................................................................6
5. Isolijnen cheat-sheet................................................................................................................7
6. Fasediagram & stoomkoepel...................................................................................................8
7. Carnot-cyclus......................................................................................................................... 10
8. Otto-cyclus (benzinemotor)....................................................................................................12
9. Diesel-cyclus.......................................................................................................................... 12
10. Joule / Brayton-cyclus (gasturbine)......................................................................................14
11. Stirling-cyclus....................................................................................................................... 14
12. Rankine-cyclus (stoomcentrale)...........................................................................................16
13. Koelmachine & het p-h diagram...........................................................................................17
14. Isentroop rendement & verloren arbeid................................................................................19
15. Exergie & anergie................................................................................................................ 20
16. Grootheden aflezen — overzicht..........................................................................................21
17. Hoe teken je het zelf?.......................................................................................................... 22

, 1. De drie fundamentele diagrammen
De hele cursus draait rond drie diagrammen. Elk heeft één gouden regel: een bepaalde
oppervlakte stelt een energievorm voor.
Diagram Assen (x — y) Oppervlakte = Sleutelrelatie
p-V V—p Arbeid W W = ∫p·dV
T-S S—T Warmte Q Q = ∫T·dS
h-s (Mollier) s—h verticaal = arbeid/warmte wₜ = h₁−h₂ ; q = Δh


ONTHOUD
p-V → arbeid onder de curve. T-S → warmte onder de curve. h-s → verschillen lees je
verticaal af. Bij een kringproces is de ingesloten oppervlakte in zowel p-V als T-S gelijk aan
de netto arbeid ΣW.




p-V: oppervlakte onder de curve = arbeid (smal strookje p·dV opgeteld).

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