THE MINDS MACHINE TEST BANK
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
PRACTICE STUDY MATERIAL
●● motor neurons
Answer: large, have long axons, and stimulate muscles
●● sensory neurons
Answer: have various shapes that best respond to specific environmental
stimuli, such as light, odor, or touch
●● interneurons
Answer: have tiny axons and analyze input from one set of neurons and
communicate with others
●● multipolar neuron
Answer: one axon, many dendrites; most common
●● bipolar neuron
Answer: one axon, one dendrite
●● unipolar neuron
,Answer: a single extension branches in two directions, forming an input
zone and output zone
●● neuronal cell body and dendrites receive info. across synapses
Answer: info. is transmitted from the presynaptic neuron to the
postsynaptic neuron
●● three components of synapses
Answer: 1. presynaptic membrane - on the axon terminal of the
presynaptic neuron
2. postsynaptic membrane - on the dendrite or cell body of the
postsynaptic neuron
3. synaptic cleft - the gap that separates the membranes
●● synaptic vesicle
Answer: small sphere in presynaptic axon terminals that contain a
neurotransmitter, a specialized chemical; neurotransmitters are released
in response to electrical activity in the axon
●● neurotransmitter receptors
Answer: in the postsynaptic membrane are specialized proteins that react
to neurotransmitter molecules
●● neural plasticity
, Answer: continual remodeling of neuronal connections
●● axon hillock
Answer: cone-shaped area of the cell body that gives rise to the axon
converts input into electrical signals that travel down the axon and
innervate target cells
●● axon collateral
Answer: branch of an axon that also ends in terminals
●● axonal transpoty
Answer: bidirectional movement of materials within an axon
●● glial cells
Answer: assist neuronal activity by providing raw materials, chemical
signals, and structure and also participate in information processing
●● two types (glial cells) wrap around axons to provide a fatty
insulation layer called myelin
Answer: 1. oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheaths in the brain and
spinal cord
2. schwann cells provide myelin to neurons outside the brain and spinal
cord
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
PRACTICE STUDY MATERIAL
●● motor neurons
Answer: large, have long axons, and stimulate muscles
●● sensory neurons
Answer: have various shapes that best respond to specific environmental
stimuli, such as light, odor, or touch
●● interneurons
Answer: have tiny axons and analyze input from one set of neurons and
communicate with others
●● multipolar neuron
Answer: one axon, many dendrites; most common
●● bipolar neuron
Answer: one axon, one dendrite
●● unipolar neuron
,Answer: a single extension branches in two directions, forming an input
zone and output zone
●● neuronal cell body and dendrites receive info. across synapses
Answer: info. is transmitted from the presynaptic neuron to the
postsynaptic neuron
●● three components of synapses
Answer: 1. presynaptic membrane - on the axon terminal of the
presynaptic neuron
2. postsynaptic membrane - on the dendrite or cell body of the
postsynaptic neuron
3. synaptic cleft - the gap that separates the membranes
●● synaptic vesicle
Answer: small sphere in presynaptic axon terminals that contain a
neurotransmitter, a specialized chemical; neurotransmitters are released
in response to electrical activity in the axon
●● neurotransmitter receptors
Answer: in the postsynaptic membrane are specialized proteins that react
to neurotransmitter molecules
●● neural plasticity
, Answer: continual remodeling of neuronal connections
●● axon hillock
Answer: cone-shaped area of the cell body that gives rise to the axon
converts input into electrical signals that travel down the axon and
innervate target cells
●● axon collateral
Answer: branch of an axon that also ends in terminals
●● axonal transpoty
Answer: bidirectional movement of materials within an axon
●● glial cells
Answer: assist neuronal activity by providing raw materials, chemical
signals, and structure and also participate in information processing
●● two types (glial cells) wrap around axons to provide a fatty
insulation layer called myelin
Answer: 1. oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheaths in the brain and
spinal cord
2. schwann cells provide myelin to neurons outside the brain and spinal
cord
