THE MINDS MACHINE FINAL PAPER
SOLVED QUESTIONS COMPLETE ANSWERS
BUNDLED RESOURCE
●● Metabotropic receptors alter the inner workings of the postynaptic
cell using the second messengers that are activated by the _______
Answer: G proteins
●● ______ substances are the substances that arise from outside the
body
Answer: Exogenous
●● A(n) ______ receptor is a receptor protein containing an ion channel
that opens when the receptor is bound by an agonist
Answer: Ionotropic
●● Which of the following is an endogenous substance?
Antibiotic
Neurotransmitter
Poison
Painkiller
Answer: Neurotransmitter
,●● Which of the following occur when an excitatory synapse becomes
active?
Answer: It depolarizes the postynaptic membrane
It brings the cell closer to its threshold for producing an action potential
●● TRUE OR FALSE: When active, an inhibitory synapse causes a
local depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
Answer: FALSE
●● What are the major categories of neurotransmitter receptors?
Answer: Metabotropic receptors and ionotropic receptors
●● Which of the following receptors, when activated, uses a second-
messenger system to open nearby ion channels.
Answer: Metabotropic receptor
●● TRUE OR FALSE: Each neurotransmitter acts exclusively on one
specific type of receptor
Answer: FALSE
●● Nitric oxide is an example of a(n)
Answer: Gas neurotransmitter
,●● Which of the following types of neurotransmitter consists of a short
chain of amino acids?
Answer: A peptide neurotransmitter
●● Which of the following types of neurotransmitter is based on
modifications of a single amino acid nucleus?
Answer: an amine neurotransmitter
●● TRUE OR FALSE: Different classical neurotransmitters are carried
by the same set of axons, which ensures that all neurotransmitters can
act in all the areas of the brain.
Answer: FALSE
●● Where are the bodies of the noradrenergic neurons located?
Answer: The locus coeruleus and the lateral tegmental area
●● Identify the properties of gas neurotransmitters
Answer: They are not stored in synaptic vesicles.
They do not bind to receptors in the postsynaptic cell.
They can convey information that is used to physically change a
synapse.
, ●● The synthesis and release of more than one type of neurotransmitter
by a given presynaptic neuron is referred to as
Answer: co-localization
●● _____ Nuclei is a string of nuclei in the midline of the midbrain and
brain stem that contain most of the serotonergic neurons of the brain.
Answer: Raphe
●● Gas Transmitters can diffuse from the postsynaptic neuron back to
the presynaptic neuron because these gases can function as _____
transmitters
Answer: Retrograde
●● Identify the criteria a substance must meet to be considered a
neurotransmitter.
Answer: It can be synthesized by presynaptic neurons and stored in axon
terminals.
It causes changes in the postsynaptic cell.
It is recognized by specific receptors located on the postsynaptic
membrane
●● TRUE OR FALSE: Blocking the release of a neurotransmitter
interferes with the ability of the presynaptic cell to affect the
postsynaptic cell
SOLVED QUESTIONS COMPLETE ANSWERS
BUNDLED RESOURCE
●● Metabotropic receptors alter the inner workings of the postynaptic
cell using the second messengers that are activated by the _______
Answer: G proteins
●● ______ substances are the substances that arise from outside the
body
Answer: Exogenous
●● A(n) ______ receptor is a receptor protein containing an ion channel
that opens when the receptor is bound by an agonist
Answer: Ionotropic
●● Which of the following is an endogenous substance?
Antibiotic
Neurotransmitter
Poison
Painkiller
Answer: Neurotransmitter
,●● Which of the following occur when an excitatory synapse becomes
active?
Answer: It depolarizes the postynaptic membrane
It brings the cell closer to its threshold for producing an action potential
●● TRUE OR FALSE: When active, an inhibitory synapse causes a
local depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
Answer: FALSE
●● What are the major categories of neurotransmitter receptors?
Answer: Metabotropic receptors and ionotropic receptors
●● Which of the following receptors, when activated, uses a second-
messenger system to open nearby ion channels.
Answer: Metabotropic receptor
●● TRUE OR FALSE: Each neurotransmitter acts exclusively on one
specific type of receptor
Answer: FALSE
●● Nitric oxide is an example of a(n)
Answer: Gas neurotransmitter
,●● Which of the following types of neurotransmitter consists of a short
chain of amino acids?
Answer: A peptide neurotransmitter
●● Which of the following types of neurotransmitter is based on
modifications of a single amino acid nucleus?
Answer: an amine neurotransmitter
●● TRUE OR FALSE: Different classical neurotransmitters are carried
by the same set of axons, which ensures that all neurotransmitters can
act in all the areas of the brain.
Answer: FALSE
●● Where are the bodies of the noradrenergic neurons located?
Answer: The locus coeruleus and the lateral tegmental area
●● Identify the properties of gas neurotransmitters
Answer: They are not stored in synaptic vesicles.
They do not bind to receptors in the postsynaptic cell.
They can convey information that is used to physically change a
synapse.
, ●● The synthesis and release of more than one type of neurotransmitter
by a given presynaptic neuron is referred to as
Answer: co-localization
●● _____ Nuclei is a string of nuclei in the midline of the midbrain and
brain stem that contain most of the serotonergic neurons of the brain.
Answer: Raphe
●● Gas Transmitters can diffuse from the postsynaptic neuron back to
the presynaptic neuron because these gases can function as _____
transmitters
Answer: Retrograde
●● Identify the criteria a substance must meet to be considered a
neurotransmitter.
Answer: It can be synthesized by presynaptic neurons and stored in axon
terminals.
It causes changes in the postsynaptic cell.
It is recognized by specific receptors located on the postsynaptic
membrane
●● TRUE OR FALSE: Blocking the release of a neurotransmitter
interferes with the ability of the presynaptic cell to affect the
postsynaptic cell
