TEST BANK FOR Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6th Edition by Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann, Pamela Scheibel ISBN: 978-0323554961 COMPLETE GUIDE 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

TESTBANK
ADVANCEDHEALTHASSESSMENT&CLINICALDIAGNOSISIN PRIM sb tz




ARY CARE, 6TH EDITION
tz tz tz




JoyceE.Dains,Linda CiofuBaumann&Pamela Scheibel
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz

, lOMoARcPSD|126 tz 567


tz 13




Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6t
tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz




hEditionDains tz tz




Chapter1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz




Multiple Choice tz



Identifythechoice thatbest completesthe statement oranswers thequestion.
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz




1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable? tz tz tz tz tz tz tz


A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
tz sb tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz


A. Methodical and systematic tz sb


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
tz tz tz tz sb sb tz


C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
tz tz tz tz sb tz


D. Adept at reading into thepatient’s statements
tz tz tz tz tz tz




3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except: sb tz sb sb tz tz tz t z sb tz tz


A. Chief complaint tz


B. Historyof the present illness tz tz tz tz


C. Current vital signs tz tz


D. All of the above are essential history components
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz




4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to:
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz sb t z tz sb t z tz sb tz


A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings sb tz tz sb tz


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
sb tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz


C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
tz tz tz tz tz sb sb tz tz


D. Foresee unpredictable findings tz tz




5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
tz sb tz sb tz tz tz sb sb tz tz


A. Evidence-based investigations sb


B. Primaryreports of research tz tz sb


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience tz tz sb sb tz


D. Published meta-analyses sb




6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
tz sb t z tz tz tz tz tz sb sb


A. Algorithm published in apeer-reviewed journal article sb tz sb tz sb tz


B. Clinical practice guidelines tz tz


C. Evidence-based research sb


D. All of the above
tz tz tz




7. If a diagnostic studyhas high sensitivity, this indicates a:
tz sb tz sb sb t z tz tz


A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
tz tz tz tz tz tz sb sb tz tz tz sb


B. Lowpercentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz


C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
tz sb tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz


D. None of the above tz tz tz




8. If a diagnostic studyhas high specificity, this indicates a:
tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz


A. Low percentage of healthyindividuals will show a normal result
tz tz sb tz tz tz tz sb sb


B. High percentage of healthyindividuals will show a normal result
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz


C. High percentage ofindividuals with a disorder will show a normal result
tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz


D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
tz tz sb tz sb sb tz tz tz tz tz




9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
sb tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz


A. Positive result is stronglyassociated with the disease
tz tz tz tz tz sb tz


B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz sb


C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
tz tz sb tz sb tz tz


D. Negative result is weaklyassociated with absence of the disease
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz




10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
tz tz tz tz tz sb sb tz sb sb


based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or p a
sb sb tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz


tients?

, tz
lOMoARcPSD|126 567


tz 13




A. Clinical practice guideline tz tz


B. Clinicaldecision rule tz tz


C. Clinical algorithm tz




Chapter 1: Clinicalreasoning, differentialdiagnosis, evidence-basedpractice, and symptom ana
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz



Answer Section
tz




MULTIPLE CHOICE tz




1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz


making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision- making (similar to Augenblink decision-
tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz


making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors. In c o
tz sb tz sb tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz


ntrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz




PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language, and able to
tz sb tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz t


accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any area
z tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz


s of uncertainty.
sb tz




PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital signs are part ofthe physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part ofthe health history.
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz tz




PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal findings, re
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz


call knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affec t t
tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz sb t z tz


he response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
tz sb tz tz tz sb tz tz sb tz tz tz




PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz


analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widelyused and available for application to the reasoning proce s
t z tz tz tz sb tz sb tz tz sb tz sb tz sb tz sb tz sb tz tz


s, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz


evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reasoning b e
tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz t z tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz t


based on scientific evidence.
z tz tz tz


Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
sb sb tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz t z




PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
tz tz sb tz tz sb tz tz


based resources have been developed to assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines, assi s
sb sb tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz sb sb tz tz tz tz


t in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
tz tz tz tz tz tz




PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an abnormal, or positive
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz sb sb tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz tz


, result. A high sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result.
tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz sb tz tz sb tz tz tz tz




PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal result. The greater the s
tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz


pecificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, results if they do not have the target con
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz sb tz tz tz tz


dition.

PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person who has the target condition and
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz sb sb sb tz tz tz tz sbt z


a negative result will be associated with a healthy person. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a positive result is associate
tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz t


zd with the disease; a likelihood ratio less than 1 indicates that a negative result is associated with an absence of the disease.
tz tz tz tz sb sb tz sb tz tz sb tz sb tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz

, tz
lOMoARcPSD|126 567


tz 13




PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinical decision (or prediction) rules provide another support for clinical reasoning. Clinical decision rules are evidence-
tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz t z


based resources that provide probabilistic statements regarding the likelihood that a condition exists if certain variables are m e
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz sb tz


t with regard to the prognosis of patients with specific findings. Decision rules use mathematical models and are specific to cert
tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz tz sb tz tz tz tz tz tz tz


ain situations, settings, and/or patient characteristics.
tz tz tz tz tz




PTS: 1