MICROBIOLOGY A SYSTEMS APPROACH 7
2026 MOCK PAPER COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
NOTES ANALYTICAL SUMMARY
◉ immunologic.
Answer: - serological analysis
- analysis of microbe using antibodies or of patients' antibodies
using pre-packaged antigens
◉ Genotypic.
Answer: genetic techniques increasingly being used as a sole
resource for identifying bacteria
◉ Culturette.
Answer: a disposable, clear plastic tube that contains a sterile
cotton-tipped applicator swab and a sealed plastic vial of medium,
used to obtain many types of specimens
◉ Step one.
Answer: analyzing the patient for signs of microbial infection
Ex: Fever, wound exudate, mucus production, abnormal lesions
,◉ Step Two.
Answer: collect specimen and analyze
ex: direct tests or Cultivation, isolation, and identification of
pathogens
Total time required for analysis ranges from a few minutes to several
weeks
◉ direct tests.
Answer: microscopic, immunologic, genetic methods
ex: gram stain, acid fast stain, gene probes
◉ presumptive data.
Answer: Results that determine the preliminary classification (such
as genus) of an isolated microbe
◉ confirmatory data.
Answer: pinpoints the microbe's specific identity
◉ diagnosis without anaylsis.
Answer: pathogens identified solely on patient signs and symptoms
, ex: Athlete's foot: diagnosed based on typical presenting symptoms
and requires no lab tests
◉ serological testing.
Answer: techniques for identifying a microorganism based on its
reaction with antibodies
ex: AIDS: diagnosed through serological tests and signs and
symptoms without isolation of the virus
◉ False.
Answer: True/False: Saliva is sterile and is valuable in sputum
collection.
◉ True.
Answer: True/False: Careful antisepsis is needed when taking
samples from sterile materials such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
◉ isolation media.
Answer: Enrichment, selective or differential media
If the pathogen is present in small numbers and is easily overgrown,
specialized media can be used to enrich the specimen
◉ differential media.
2026 MOCK PAPER COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
NOTES ANALYTICAL SUMMARY
◉ immunologic.
Answer: - serological analysis
- analysis of microbe using antibodies or of patients' antibodies
using pre-packaged antigens
◉ Genotypic.
Answer: genetic techniques increasingly being used as a sole
resource for identifying bacteria
◉ Culturette.
Answer: a disposable, clear plastic tube that contains a sterile
cotton-tipped applicator swab and a sealed plastic vial of medium,
used to obtain many types of specimens
◉ Step one.
Answer: analyzing the patient for signs of microbial infection
Ex: Fever, wound exudate, mucus production, abnormal lesions
,◉ Step Two.
Answer: collect specimen and analyze
ex: direct tests or Cultivation, isolation, and identification of
pathogens
Total time required for analysis ranges from a few minutes to several
weeks
◉ direct tests.
Answer: microscopic, immunologic, genetic methods
ex: gram stain, acid fast stain, gene probes
◉ presumptive data.
Answer: Results that determine the preliminary classification (such
as genus) of an isolated microbe
◉ confirmatory data.
Answer: pinpoints the microbe's specific identity
◉ diagnosis without anaylsis.
Answer: pathogens identified solely on patient signs and symptoms
, ex: Athlete's foot: diagnosed based on typical presenting symptoms
and requires no lab tests
◉ serological testing.
Answer: techniques for identifying a microorganism based on its
reaction with antibodies
ex: AIDS: diagnosed through serological tests and signs and
symptoms without isolation of the virus
◉ False.
Answer: True/False: Saliva is sterile and is valuable in sputum
collection.
◉ True.
Answer: True/False: Careful antisepsis is needed when taking
samples from sterile materials such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
◉ isolation media.
Answer: Enrichment, selective or differential media
If the pathogen is present in small numbers and is easily overgrown,
specialized media can be used to enrich the specimen
◉ differential media.
