Test Bank for Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition by Tommie L Norris ISBN 9781975107192 Chapter 1-52 |Complete Guide A+.

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TEST BANK FOR
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Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition
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by Tommie L Norris
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1. Chapter 1 c*




Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most
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ofthe specific membrane functions are carried out by:
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A) Bound and transmembrane proteins
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B) Complex, long carbohydrate chains c* c* c*




C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors
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D) A gating system of selective ion channels
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Ans: A c*




Feedback:

The functions of plasma membrane depend on the presence of proteins that are bound in the li
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pidbilayer and some that have the ability to pass freely into and out of the cell.
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Carbohydrate chains form a cell coat that surrounds the membrane and that contain surface
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antigens and surface hormone receptors. Some ion channels are gated and open only when t
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hemembrane potential changes significantly.
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2. Which describes the function of the nucleus?
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A) It is basically the site of protein synthesis in the body.
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B) It contains the genetic code for the individual.
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C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
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D) It initiates the process of aerobic metabolism.
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Ans: B c*




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The nucleus contains DNA, which contains the genetic code that contains the information that
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controls cells. Ribosomes synthesize protein. Mitochondria transform organic compounds into
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cellular energy. Mitochondria require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, using hydrogen and car
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bon combined with oxygen molecules to form carbon dioxide and water as energy is released.
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3. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by riboso
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malRNA (rRNA)? *c c*

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A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
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B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
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C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
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D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis c* c* c* c*




Ans: C c*




Feedback:

There are three types of ribonucleic acid (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RN
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A)that move to the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins.
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to t
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hecytoplasm; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the site of protein synthesis; and transfer RNA (tR
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NA)transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis for incorporation into the protein
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being synthesized. c*




4. Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They:
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A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and wor
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n-out cell parts
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B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify protein end produc
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tsand package them into secretory granules or vesicles
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C) Are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins t
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hatremain in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
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D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as a tubul
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arcommunication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell to ano
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ther

Ans: A c*




Feedback:

Lysosomes are sacs that are filled with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the processing and rem
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oval of unwanted substances within the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus functions in associati
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on with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify and package substances in preparation forsecreti
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on, whereas ribosomes are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis
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of proteins. The ER is a tubular communication system for transporting various substances fr
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om one part of the cell to another.
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5. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
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A) Inadequate sites for protein synthesis c* c* c* c*




B) An inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane
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C) Insufficient energy production within a cell
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D) Accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm c* c* c* c* c* c*




Ans: D c*




Feedback:

Peroxisomes function in the control of free radicals; unless degraded, these highly unstab
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lechemical compounds damage other cytoplasmic molecules. Peroxisomes do not directl
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y contribute to energy production, protein synthesis, or transport of cellular secretions.
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6. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the “power plants”
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ofthe cell because they:
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A) Contain RNA for protein synthesis
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B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy
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C) Extract energy from organic compounds
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D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
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Ans: C c*




Feedback:

Mitochondria contain the enzymes needed for transforming organic compounds into energy th
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atis easily accessible to the cell. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Glycolysis is anaerobi
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c metabolism and unrelated to oxidative energy. Mitochondria store phosphate bonds (such as
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in ATP) to power cellular functions.
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7. Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of t
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hefollowing cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
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A) Ribosomes

B) Microtubules

C) Mitochondria

D) Microfilaments