SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES
1.1. the computer as a system: A 1.3 Software
computer processes data using the IPO System software: runs the computer. It
cycle. It works through input -> is the operating system (OS), the utility
processing -> Output. It is supported programs, and the device drivers.
by storage and communication APPLICATION SOFTWARE: it lets the users do
tasks on the computer. It can be used
1.2. Hardware: hardware consists of the for general purposes such as word, excel
categories: input, output, storage, and browsers. it can also be used for
processing and communication devices. custom/special purposes for software
CPU: The Central processing unit carries written for a specific need.
out instructions. The performance OPERATING SYSTEM: the operating system
depends on the clock speed (ghz), manages hardware and software on a
number of cores, and cache size. More computer. It is also used for memory
cores/higher speed = faster and better management, which allocates ram. It
multitasking. process the cpu scheduling (it decides
RAM: temporary, volatile working when it runs), it helps with file
memory. It loses memory when it is management such as organising it and
turned off. More ram = smoother deciding where to store files. It provides
multitasking. user interface such as for. It provides
security for a computer by adding user
ROm: permanent memory, non-volatile. It
accounts, passwords and permissions. It
holds start-up instructions of a
also helps with device management via
computer.
drivers. Examples: WIndows, macOS, Linux.
Hdd: a storage device that is magnetic,
has moving parts, cheaper per gb, Utility programs:
larger capacity, slower, less durable. • You get an antivirus that detects and
SSD: a storage that has flash memory, removes malware.
no moving parts, it is more durable, • Disk cleanup that removes junk and
faster, quieter and it uses less power. temporary files.
However, it is more expensive per gb. • Disk defragmenter that reorginises
Flash drives/memory card: a storage fragmented files on hdd. It is not
device that is a portable flash storage. used on ssd.
• Backup utility that copies data for
Cloud storage: stored on internet safekeeping.
servers; accessible anywhere with an • Compression/archiving (ZIP) reduces
internet connection. file size.
Ports/connectors: USB, hdmi, audio Device drivers: this is software that lets
jacks, etc. the os communicate with a hardware
“Fitness for purpose”: matches
hardware to the users needs. It is a device.
justification for a buying decision.
**Caring for/protecting hardware: A UPS can be used.
It keeps the pc running briefly whenever there is
power failure. A surge protector can also be used, it
guards against power spikes, it keeps it clean, allows
ventilation and avoids any liquid and heat.
, 1.4 Computer & os management 1.7 Emerging technologies
• Installing and uninstalling software Artificial intelligence and machine
correctly learning: computers systems doing tasks
• Updates/patches are used to fix that normally need human intelligence. It
bugs and close security holes (it creates job loss, inherits bias from its
keeps the os and software updated. data and it enables deepfakes and
• User accounts and permissions are misinformation.
used to control access. Eg. Admin Virtual reality vs augmented reality: VR
and standard user replaces the world with a fully computer-
• Backups: protects against data loss. generated one. It allows gaming, flight/
Concepts: full, incremental, surgery simulators. Ar adds to the real
differential; it is stored off-site in world which we still see. Hence, virtual
the cloud and it follows a schedule. reality replaces reality and Augmented
• Task/activity management: view and reality enhances it.
Internet of things (IOT): everyday physical
end running processes
devices fitted with sensors and internet
• Disk management: partitions and connectivity that collect and share data,
free space. it can be controlled remotely.
1.5 files and folder management Big data: extremely large and complex
file paths and folders must be datasets from many sources. It is
organised logically. There are analysed for patterns and trends to
different file extention types such guide decisions
as .docx, .xlsx, .accdb, .pdf, .html, Biometrics: identifying a person by unique
etc. There are file properties that physical traits. Such as Face ID and
can be managed: read-only, hidden, fingerprint scanners.
file size, date modified. There is Wearable tech: smart devices that are
searching for files like sorting worn on the body that gather data and
them by name, date, and size. usually connect to a phone/internet.
There is also compressing to save Convergence: many functions merging into
space for emailing and extracting a singular device. For example: a
archives. smartphone or smartwatch.
1.6 troubleshooting GPS/geotagging: gps is the satellite
• Logical steps: identify the problem system that gives you your precise
- check the obvious - try fix it - location. Geotagging is when a location is
test it attached to photos.
• Common fixes: restart, check 3d printing: builds a physical object layer
cables/connections, check power, by layer from a design that is digital.
free up storage, update drivers/ The main issue is that is slow
software, run antivirus, reconnect Robotics/drones: robots are machines
to WiFi. that perform tasks automatically. Drones
are unmanned vehichles that fly. Robotics
and drones all operate precisely. The main
issue with them is that they create job
loss and are expensive to purchase and
maintain.
1.1. the computer as a system: A 1.3 Software
computer processes data using the IPO System software: runs the computer. It
cycle. It works through input -> is the operating system (OS), the utility
processing -> Output. It is supported programs, and the device drivers.
by storage and communication APPLICATION SOFTWARE: it lets the users do
tasks on the computer. It can be used
1.2. Hardware: hardware consists of the for general purposes such as word, excel
categories: input, output, storage, and browsers. it can also be used for
processing and communication devices. custom/special purposes for software
CPU: The Central processing unit carries written for a specific need.
out instructions. The performance OPERATING SYSTEM: the operating system
depends on the clock speed (ghz), manages hardware and software on a
number of cores, and cache size. More computer. It is also used for memory
cores/higher speed = faster and better management, which allocates ram. It
multitasking. process the cpu scheduling (it decides
RAM: temporary, volatile working when it runs), it helps with file
memory. It loses memory when it is management such as organising it and
turned off. More ram = smoother deciding where to store files. It provides
multitasking. user interface such as for. It provides
security for a computer by adding user
ROm: permanent memory, non-volatile. It
accounts, passwords and permissions. It
holds start-up instructions of a
also helps with device management via
computer.
drivers. Examples: WIndows, macOS, Linux.
Hdd: a storage device that is magnetic,
has moving parts, cheaper per gb, Utility programs:
larger capacity, slower, less durable. • You get an antivirus that detects and
SSD: a storage that has flash memory, removes malware.
no moving parts, it is more durable, • Disk cleanup that removes junk and
faster, quieter and it uses less power. temporary files.
However, it is more expensive per gb. • Disk defragmenter that reorginises
Flash drives/memory card: a storage fragmented files on hdd. It is not
device that is a portable flash storage. used on ssd.
• Backup utility that copies data for
Cloud storage: stored on internet safekeeping.
servers; accessible anywhere with an • Compression/archiving (ZIP) reduces
internet connection. file size.
Ports/connectors: USB, hdmi, audio Device drivers: this is software that lets
jacks, etc. the os communicate with a hardware
“Fitness for purpose”: matches
hardware to the users needs. It is a device.
justification for a buying decision.
**Caring for/protecting hardware: A UPS can be used.
It keeps the pc running briefly whenever there is
power failure. A surge protector can also be used, it
guards against power spikes, it keeps it clean, allows
ventilation and avoids any liquid and heat.
, 1.4 Computer & os management 1.7 Emerging technologies
• Installing and uninstalling software Artificial intelligence and machine
correctly learning: computers systems doing tasks
• Updates/patches are used to fix that normally need human intelligence. It
bugs and close security holes (it creates job loss, inherits bias from its
keeps the os and software updated. data and it enables deepfakes and
• User accounts and permissions are misinformation.
used to control access. Eg. Admin Virtual reality vs augmented reality: VR
and standard user replaces the world with a fully computer-
• Backups: protects against data loss. generated one. It allows gaming, flight/
Concepts: full, incremental, surgery simulators. Ar adds to the real
differential; it is stored off-site in world which we still see. Hence, virtual
the cloud and it follows a schedule. reality replaces reality and Augmented
• Task/activity management: view and reality enhances it.
Internet of things (IOT): everyday physical
end running processes
devices fitted with sensors and internet
• Disk management: partitions and connectivity that collect and share data,
free space. it can be controlled remotely.
1.5 files and folder management Big data: extremely large and complex
file paths and folders must be datasets from many sources. It is
organised logically. There are analysed for patterns and trends to
different file extention types such guide decisions
as .docx, .xlsx, .accdb, .pdf, .html, Biometrics: identifying a person by unique
etc. There are file properties that physical traits. Such as Face ID and
can be managed: read-only, hidden, fingerprint scanners.
file size, date modified. There is Wearable tech: smart devices that are
searching for files like sorting worn on the body that gather data and
them by name, date, and size. usually connect to a phone/internet.
There is also compressing to save Convergence: many functions merging into
space for emailing and extracting a singular device. For example: a
archives. smartphone or smartwatch.
1.6 troubleshooting GPS/geotagging: gps is the satellite
• Logical steps: identify the problem system that gives you your precise
- check the obvious - try fix it - location. Geotagging is when a location is
test it attached to photos.
• Common fixes: restart, check 3d printing: builds a physical object layer
cables/connections, check power, by layer from a design that is digital.
free up storage, update drivers/ The main issue is that is slow
software, run antivirus, reconnect Robotics/drones: robots are machines
to WiFi. that perform tasks automatically. Drones
are unmanned vehichles that fly. Robotics
and drones all operate precisely. The main
issue with them is that they create job
loss and are expensive to purchase and
maintain.
