Introduction to Professional Nursing Questions and Answers

Introduction to Professional Nursing Questions and Answers Which setting are the majority of nurses employed? hospitals Are most nurses members of the American Nurses' Association? no What is the predominant gender, age, and racial/ethnic demographic profile of nurses in the US? female, white, from the US, 46 years old 4 categories of APNs? Nurse Practitioner, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Nurse Anesthetist, Nurse Midwife How will APNs be used in the future as we attempt to address the crisis in health care? the will become the primary care providers What is the employment outlook for nursing in the future? job security because alot of people are retiring, technology can't replace a caring nurse Florence Nightingale Founded the first training school for nurses and did publications for hospital reform and we most famous publication is What Is and What Is Not. She felt the need for science-based training Dorothea Dix Union superintendent of women nurses. Champion for mental health and created training program for women who wanted to serve Mary Eliza Mahoney first African American professionally educated nurse Clara Barton founded American Red Cross. Appealed to the nation for supplies of woolen shirts, blankets, and towels. Known as the "angel of the battlefield" Hazel Johnson-Brown first American Americon women to be a Brigadier General, Chief of the Army Nurse Corps What was the purpose and findings of the Woodhull Study? was designed to survey and analyze the portrayal of health care and nursing in US newspapers, news magazines, and health care industry trade publications. The finding was that "nurses and the nursing profession are essentially invisible to the media and consequently, to the American public" What was the Johnson & Johnson Campaign for Nursing's future all about? the did a campaign to enhance the image of the nursing profession, recruit new nurses and educators, and to certain nurses currently in the system. The did print media, TV ads, student scholarships, fundraising and research What internal and external factors have contributed to the shortage of nurses in the past? Internal: salary issues, long hours, increased responsibility of unlicensed works and significant responsibility with no authority External: changes in demand for nursing services, the increasing age of the American population, greater acuity (degree of illness) of hospitalized individuals, public perceptions of nursing as a profession, and ever-widening career option for women What is society's image of nursing, both positive and negative? Positive: most ethical and honest. they are caring. A report released by Gallup in late 2010, nurses were rated the highest among a number of professions from with the exception of 2001 when nurses were 2nd behind firefighters. Negative: they are less intelligent, subservient, sex kittens, working environment. The google search of the word nurse has only one picture out of many that is accurate. What can nurses do to improve the public's image of the profession? To the best of your ability, act professionally one on one with every patient you deal with. Contact those responsible for negative images of nurses and nursing Work requiring advanced training and usually involving mental rather than manual effort profession What was nursing's first code of ethics? a written, public document that reminds practitioners and public they serve of the specific responsibilities and obligations accepted by the profession's practitioners. The Nightingale Pledge functioned as nursing a first code of ethics. Framework for understanding nursing's relationship with society and nursing's obligation to those who received professional nursing Nursing's Social Policy Statement Outlines expectations of the professional role of practice; delineates standards of care Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice There are 9 provisions accompanied by interpretations. 3 describe nurses' values and commitments. 3 describes boundaries of duty and loyalty. 3 address aspects of duties beyond individual patient encounters. The code exists to strengthen and guide nurses decisions and to face ethical dilemna. The Code of Ethics for Nurses What are the barriers to professionalism in nursing? Different levels of entry to get into the nursing field. Gender issues/stereotyping. Fragmented political aspect because only 10% are represented by their political groups. Historical influences What is the legal statute that defines nursing practice for a nurse? Nurse Practice Act in the State Which body enforces the nurse practice act in each state? State Board of Nursing What is the name of the licensure exam for nursing and when does a nurse take it? national Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) Take the test after you have successfully completed basic nursing education from a state accredited school of nursing and are eligible to sit for the licensure exam How does the nurse licensure compact work? What if you are licensed in one state, but you practice as an RN in another compact state. Which nurse practice act are you subject to? Compact State: practice in all the states that are a part of the compact. Problem is that you have to know the state laws for each state and you are bound to follow the ones where you practice, not where you are licensed. failure to act as a reasonably prudent person would act in the same circumstances Negligence What are the causes of negligence that commonly result in malpractice lawsuits? Failure to follow standards of care; failure to use equipment in a responsible manner; failure to communicate; failure to document; failure to assess and monitor; failure to act as patient advocate How do you handle a situation in the hospital when there might be a patient confidentiality violation with the use of social media Inappropriate use of social media is a violation of federal and state privacy laws. ANA Code of Etics and HIPAA restrict emdia postings and comments attitudes, ideals, or beliefs that guide behavior Values established rules of conduct to be used to distinguish right from wrong Morals actions that specify what actions an individual should take Ethics social contract tnrough which the profession informs society of rules guiding it's function Code of Ethics self determination. Control over one's own professional practice autonomy the ethical principle of doing good beneficence the duty to inflict no harm or evil Nonmaleficence an ethical principle stating that equals should be treated the same and that non-equals should be treated differently Justice values of faithfulness to one's responsibilities Fidelity telling the truth or not lying Veracity What is the process of "professional socialization"? absorbing and assimilating the culture of nursing: rites, rituals and ruled behavior What are examples of informal and formal socialization experiences in nursing and nursing school? Formal: class lectures, assignments, lab experiences, new vocab Informal:lessons that occur incidentally: unplanned observations, participating in SNA, hearing nurses discuss patient care Stage of Cohen's Model of Student Socialization 1-Unilateral Dependence: reliant on external authority. Limited questioning ability or critical analysis. 2-Negativity/Independence: cognitive rebellion, diminished reliance on external authority 3-Dependence/Mutuality: reasoned appraisal, begins integration of facts and opinions following objective testing. Evaluate the ideas of others, begin to appreciate the nursing process as a way to organize care 4-Interdependence: collaborative decision-making, commitment to professional role. Self-concept now includes professional role identity. Self-concept now includes professional role identity. Highly self-directed and seek out learning experiences to maximize knowledge before entering the real world Benner's Stages of Nursing Proficiency 1-Novice: at least 1 year out of school; little background and limited practical skills, relies on rules and expectations of others for direction 2-Advanced Beginner: 1-2 years out, has marginally competent skills, uses theory and principles much of the time; experiences difficulty establishing priorities 3-Competent Practitioner: 2-3 years, feels competent, organized, plans and sets goals, thinks abstractly and analytically, coordinates several tasks simultaneously 4-Proficient Practitioner: 3-5 years, views patient's holistically, recognizes subtle changes, sets priorities with ease, focuses on long-term goals 5-Expert Practitioner: 5 or more years, performs fluidly, grasps patient needs automatically, responses are integrated, and expertise comes naturally What is reality shock? conflicts of ideals with reality in the workplace 4 Core Values of LSON caring, diversity, integrity, leadership What are the ways that a new nurse can effectively deal with reality shock? take responsibility for getting support from family, friends and co-workers; talk to other new grads; find a mentor; learn more about the profession; blogs, forums, and websites; care about yourself-strive for balance Why were the first nursing schools in the US established? primarily to staff itself, not necessarily to properly educate the nurses What was the most recent program established? Associates Degree Which degree are you earning? BSN programs What are national nursing associations and organizations recommending as the basic education preparation for entry into nursing? BSN voluntary review process of educational programs or service agencies by professional organizations Accreditation Who accredits the University of Memphis LSON? Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) goes beyond licensure to validate a high level of knowledge and proficiency in a practice area certification refers to state regulation licensure non-degree seeking ways to maintain expertise in nursing continuing education What does QSEN stand for? Quality, Safety, and Education in Nursing What are some characteristics of a critical thinker? As a critical thinker you would raise questions or problems; gather and assess related information; arrive at conclusions that are well reasoned; stay open minded; communicate about solutions to complex problems; describe how you came to the conclusion and support your argument In order to think like a nurse who is a critical thinker, what are the questions that you would ask yourself? What assumptions have I made? How do I know my assumptions are accurate? Do I need any additional information? How might I look at this situation different? Are you born with the ability to think critically, or can it be learned? learned What is the nursing process? assessment,nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation of care How do nurses develop sound clinical judgment? informed opinions and decisions based on empirical knowledge and expertise