BIOL 2320: Microbiology Lecture Dr.
Harold Kay Njemanze HCC Final Exam
Review Questions All Solved.
Definition of pathogens* - Answer "disease causing organism"..
.Parasitic Microorganisms Parasites live in or on the body of a
host, which they usually harm to some degree. Parasites inclined to
cause damage to tissues (disease) or even death
Decomposers* - Answer microorganism that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter
and waste (saprobes)
Genetic engineering* - Answer the Process When humans manipulate the genes of
microorganism
Biotechnology* - Answer the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of
microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes
Characteristics of viruses* - Answer 1. obligate, intracellular parasites. VIRUSES INFECT
EVERYTHING
2. Acellular. not cell-like
3. ultramicroscopic
4. shape may be simple, icosahedral, enveloped, naked, complex, or helical
5. do not have the characteristics of life
6. inactive when outside the host cell
7. basic structure consists of protein shell (capsid) which surrounds a nucleic acid (core)
8. nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but never both
9. nucleic acid can be dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, or ssRNA
10. viruses are specific to host cells
11. multiplies by taking control of host cell' metabolic activities
Phylogeny* - Answer the development or evolution of a particular group of organisms. The
first phylogenetic trees of life were constructed on the basis of
just two kingdoms (plants and animals).
Helminthes* - Answer worms: Tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms
,PARASITIC WORMS
include the round worms (ascaris) and Flatworm (platyhelminthes) called tapeworms
Taxonomic hierarchy* - Answer ...The formal system for organizing,
classifying, and naming living things.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum ---> division (plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Bioremediation* - Answer the manipulation of organisms or their components to make
useful products such as humans using yeast to make beer
Six I's of studying microbiology* - Answer 1.Inoculation
2.Incubation
3.Isolation
4.Inspection
5.Information gathering
6.Identification
Types of microbial media* - Answer selective
enriched
differential
Medium for fastidious bacteria* - Answer enriched medium
Selective medium* - Answer Contains one or more agents that inhibits growth of some
microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes
,- A media that is selectively encourage the growth of the species of a microbe while inhibitated
to the growth of others
- AKA will encourage one microbe to grow but will discourage other microbes from growing.
- Example is Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) ---(selectively encourage the growth of)--> Staph Aureus
which will show a gold coloration
- Example is Macconkey ---(selectively encourage the growth of)---> E.Coli which will glow pink
- Pseudononas canusinosa can be both selective and differential
Differential medium* - Answer Allows growth of several types of microbes and displays
visible differences among those microbes
- Encourage growth of more than 1 microbes and allow them to use different physical properties
- Macconkey can be both differential and selective
Medium with thioglycolic acid* - Answer Reduce oxygen concentration to test for anaerobic
microbes
reducing media
Mannitol Salt Agar - Answer is used to identify staph. It is a form of selective media.
Resolving power/resolution* - Answer clarity. minimal distance between two objects and
which objects are still indistinguishable as separate objects
macronutrient* - Answer ...required in relatively
large quantities and play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism.
Examples of macronutrients are proteins, carbohydrates,
and other molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
carbohydrates
protein
lipids/oils
Micronutrient* - Answer ...or trace elements, such as manganese,
zinc, and nickel are present in much smaller amounts and are involved
in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure.
, What constitutes a micronutrient can vary from one microbe to
vitamins
elements
ions
Trace element* - Answer Needed in very small quantities
Phototroph* - Answer .microbes
that photosynthesize "the term _____ refers to an organism that gets energy from sunlight"
Organisms that can get their energy from the sun
Heterotrophy* - Answer an organism that depends on other sources for its carbon
If an organism depends on others to get its carbon,
Chemotroph* - Answer microbes that OXIDIZE chemical compounds. "an organism that uses
chemicals for energy, rather than light"
Organism that get there energy from food are
Methanogen* - Answer which produce methane (CH4) from hydrogen gas and carbon
dioxide
Saprobes* - Answer an organism that lives
on DEAD organic matter
Diffusion* - Answer molecular movement: atoms or molecules move in a gradient from an
area of higher density or concentration to an area of lower density or concentration
Osmosis* - Answer Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Endocytosis* - Answer the movement of large masses of material across membranes
Harold Kay Njemanze HCC Final Exam
Review Questions All Solved.
Definition of pathogens* - Answer "disease causing organism"..
.Parasitic Microorganisms Parasites live in or on the body of a
host, which they usually harm to some degree. Parasites inclined to
cause damage to tissues (disease) or even death
Decomposers* - Answer microorganism that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter
and waste (saprobes)
Genetic engineering* - Answer the Process When humans manipulate the genes of
microorganism
Biotechnology* - Answer the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of
microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes
Characteristics of viruses* - Answer 1. obligate, intracellular parasites. VIRUSES INFECT
EVERYTHING
2. Acellular. not cell-like
3. ultramicroscopic
4. shape may be simple, icosahedral, enveloped, naked, complex, or helical
5. do not have the characteristics of life
6. inactive when outside the host cell
7. basic structure consists of protein shell (capsid) which surrounds a nucleic acid (core)
8. nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but never both
9. nucleic acid can be dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, or ssRNA
10. viruses are specific to host cells
11. multiplies by taking control of host cell' metabolic activities
Phylogeny* - Answer the development or evolution of a particular group of organisms. The
first phylogenetic trees of life were constructed on the basis of
just two kingdoms (plants and animals).
Helminthes* - Answer worms: Tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms
,PARASITIC WORMS
include the round worms (ascaris) and Flatworm (platyhelminthes) called tapeworms
Taxonomic hierarchy* - Answer ...The formal system for organizing,
classifying, and naming living things.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum ---> division (plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Bioremediation* - Answer the manipulation of organisms or their components to make
useful products such as humans using yeast to make beer
Six I's of studying microbiology* - Answer 1.Inoculation
2.Incubation
3.Isolation
4.Inspection
5.Information gathering
6.Identification
Types of microbial media* - Answer selective
enriched
differential
Medium for fastidious bacteria* - Answer enriched medium
Selective medium* - Answer Contains one or more agents that inhibits growth of some
microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes
,- A media that is selectively encourage the growth of the species of a microbe while inhibitated
to the growth of others
- AKA will encourage one microbe to grow but will discourage other microbes from growing.
- Example is Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) ---(selectively encourage the growth of)--> Staph Aureus
which will show a gold coloration
- Example is Macconkey ---(selectively encourage the growth of)---> E.Coli which will glow pink
- Pseudononas canusinosa can be both selective and differential
Differential medium* - Answer Allows growth of several types of microbes and displays
visible differences among those microbes
- Encourage growth of more than 1 microbes and allow them to use different physical properties
- Macconkey can be both differential and selective
Medium with thioglycolic acid* - Answer Reduce oxygen concentration to test for anaerobic
microbes
reducing media
Mannitol Salt Agar - Answer is used to identify staph. It is a form of selective media.
Resolving power/resolution* - Answer clarity. minimal distance between two objects and
which objects are still indistinguishable as separate objects
macronutrient* - Answer ...required in relatively
large quantities and play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism.
Examples of macronutrients are proteins, carbohydrates,
and other molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
carbohydrates
protein
lipids/oils
Micronutrient* - Answer ...or trace elements, such as manganese,
zinc, and nickel are present in much smaller amounts and are involved
in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure.
, What constitutes a micronutrient can vary from one microbe to
vitamins
elements
ions
Trace element* - Answer Needed in very small quantities
Phototroph* - Answer .microbes
that photosynthesize "the term _____ refers to an organism that gets energy from sunlight"
Organisms that can get their energy from the sun
Heterotrophy* - Answer an organism that depends on other sources for its carbon
If an organism depends on others to get its carbon,
Chemotroph* - Answer microbes that OXIDIZE chemical compounds. "an organism that uses
chemicals for energy, rather than light"
Organism that get there energy from food are
Methanogen* - Answer which produce methane (CH4) from hydrogen gas and carbon
dioxide
Saprobes* - Answer an organism that lives
on DEAD organic matter
Diffusion* - Answer molecular movement: atoms or molecules move in a gradient from an
area of higher density or concentration to an area of lower density or concentration
Osmosis* - Answer Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Endocytosis* - Answer the movement of large masses of material across membranes
