MHA 710 2 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ Dr. Karima Velji.
Answer: chief of nursing and professional practice and assistant deputy
minister for the province of Ontario, began her term in 2022
◍ What are the key points of Mohammed et al., 2021 article?.
Answer: - nurses as heroes in the media (some nurses appreciate it others but
it limits many from advocating for change) - romanticizing sacrifice,
expectations of overworking- using a post-structural lens to question how
power and knowledge are produced (how the hero idea is what is
marginalizing nurses)- the authors call to rethink this narrative in terms of
recognizing their professionalism and need for structural support rather than
sacrifice
◍ What is resilience? and what makes a person resilient?.
Answer: - Resilience is a multidimensional learning capacity that enables
individuals to function during high levels of adversity while maintaining a
sense of control over the environment - What explicitly makes an individual
resilient is often debated; however, they agree that it is made of stable and
adaptable aspects that interact with sociocultural and environmental
variables.
◍ What is self-care? what it is important for nurses?.
Answer: Self-care refers to caring for personal physical, emotional, and
psychological needs and undertaking necessary steps to improve physical
and mental well-being. Additionally, Self-care is essential for nurses
because it enables them to meet the demands of the rapidly changing
healthcare environments and deal with challenging nursing situations
,◍ What are the key ideas from Neil's article on COVID?.
Answer: - during pandemic it was hard to test for and care for COVID pt.
while keeping staff safe; opening hospitals up to a multitude of liability-
nurses "snoop" during pandemic to find more information (including from
health records); resulting in termination- Nurse competency documentation
is one of the first evidences needed when a legal nurse consultant is
representing a client in a malpractice case.- AMSN: an online tool kit to
help hospitals match emergency health care staff with covid roles, by
helping to evaluate the applicants competency; which also included
educational resources- ANA: online resource for evidence-based guidelines,
including COVID-19 resources and information to support the mental health
and resilience of nurses- Importance of task forces after events helping
recover prevent lawsuits.
◍ What are the key ideas from (Chiu, 2021) article?.
Answer: - nursing policy advocacy is a key part of nurse's role but they don't
always have the proper support etc. to do so- Walt and Gilson's Health
Policy Triangle Framework in this article looks at the theoretical
underpinning of policy advocacy to enhance nurses role- Call to action for
more responsibility of nurses to use their role to drive change and address
the inequities in healthcare
◍ What are the four key components of Walt and Gilson's Health Policy
Triangle Framework from Chiu, 2021 article?.
Answer: - policy content (health issues and what solutions we can come to
and how)- context (structures and forces that shape policies)- process
(importance of nurses engagement in policy development and advocacy for
change)- actors (those who influence policy decisions)
◍ What are the registration classes from Nursing Act 1991?.
Answer: - General Class: Most CNO RPNs and RNs- Extended Class: NPs
(Peds, Adult, PHC, Anaesthesia)- Temporary Class: those who just need to
take NCLEX- Special Assignment Class: short-term, non renewable (mostly
from outside Ontario) who have a specific assignment in Ontario-
, Emergency Class: those usually outside of Ontario given certification during
an emergency- Non-Practising Class: current/previous members of CNO
who no longer practice
◍ what type of occupational hazards do nurses face?.
Answer: o Biological factorso Chemical factorso Physical environmento
Working conditionso Psychosocial factors
◍ what is a healthy workplace.
Answer: a healthy workplace can be defined as a workplace where "workers
and managers collaborate using a continual improvement process to protect
for the safety and well-being of their workers while promoting the
sustainability of the workplace"
◍ What are they key concepts Canada's universal health-care system:
achieving its potential from Martin et al., 2018?.
Answer: - basis of Canadian healthcare is receiving care based on need and
not the amount you can pay (based on Medicare which was founded in
1947) - Challenges of the Canadian Healthcare system: Long wait times,
unequal access in rural areas, and underfunding in certain sectors (including
Indigenous Communities).- Reform Suggestions: Expanding coverage for
pharmaceuticals and home care, improving efficiency, and addressing social
determinants of health and renewal of the tripartite (three party) social
contract.- Continue to learn from other systems to enhance equity and
performance.
◍ What are the key points of CNA's Emergency Preparedness and Response?.
Answer: - nurses play a crucial role in all the phases of disaster preparedness
and management - PHAC provides leadership in response to public health
emergencies- Education and preparation is important
◍ What is the difference between a directive and a direct order?.
Answer: - direct order: client specific, for specific care- directive: for a
number of clients with certain criteria/circumstances, always written by NP
or physician
, ◍ What are the biological hazards that nurses face ?.
Answer: Nurses face biohazards that can cause infections, allergic reactions
and disease. The chain of infection presents itself when patients are full of
reservoirs of viruses, microorganisms, and bacteria are available, and a
mistake is just needed to continue the chain. For example, nurses that are in
high contact with procedures that require sharps with:·poorly working
units·not enough universal precautions are available·the needles used are not
engineered to reduce their sharp risk·or do not have an accessible area to
dispose of themcan lead to transmitting different versions of Hepatitis and
HIV.Also, nurses can aid in transmitting infections to other patients and
themselves if body fluids or blood are left on the equipment or if droplets
are absorbed through direct or indirect contact into the skin or mucosa.
Furthermore, if there is poor ventilation or PPE is not worn correctly,
tuberculosis and meningococcal meningitis can inflate the lungs and spread
from patient to nurse and nurse to nurse.
◍ what are the chemical hazards that nurses face?.
Answer: Nurses can be exposed to chemical hazards intentionally used for
specific cleaning or treatment purposes. Daily, nurses are exposed to
disinfectants and antiseptic solutions, such as surface cleaners, often used to
wipe down machines or clean rooms between patients and users. These
disinfectants and antiseptic solutions have a strong smell and should not be
used without gloves. Nevertheless, even with gloves, the chemical can enter
the lung by inhalation, be absorbed by exposed skin to cause inflammation
or irritation or lead to eczema in the local area. Plus, anesthetic gases such
as formaldehyde can be inhaled or absorbed through the eyes or nasal
mucosa to cause a toxic effect on the central nervous system, be sensitizers
or cause an allergic reaction (sneezing and rhinitis). These may all seem like
one-time reactions that further precautions can prevent; however, constant
exposure to these chemical hazards can be cancerous to nurses or lead to the
development or worsening of asthma.
◍ Nurses' hazardous working conditions:.
Answer: Canadian nursing workforce is aging, and heading to retirement.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ Dr. Karima Velji.
Answer: chief of nursing and professional practice and assistant deputy
minister for the province of Ontario, began her term in 2022
◍ What are the key points of Mohammed et al., 2021 article?.
Answer: - nurses as heroes in the media (some nurses appreciate it others but
it limits many from advocating for change) - romanticizing sacrifice,
expectations of overworking- using a post-structural lens to question how
power and knowledge are produced (how the hero idea is what is
marginalizing nurses)- the authors call to rethink this narrative in terms of
recognizing their professionalism and need for structural support rather than
sacrifice
◍ What is resilience? and what makes a person resilient?.
Answer: - Resilience is a multidimensional learning capacity that enables
individuals to function during high levels of adversity while maintaining a
sense of control over the environment - What explicitly makes an individual
resilient is often debated; however, they agree that it is made of stable and
adaptable aspects that interact with sociocultural and environmental
variables.
◍ What is self-care? what it is important for nurses?.
Answer: Self-care refers to caring for personal physical, emotional, and
psychological needs and undertaking necessary steps to improve physical
and mental well-being. Additionally, Self-care is essential for nurses
because it enables them to meet the demands of the rapidly changing
healthcare environments and deal with challenging nursing situations
,◍ What are the key ideas from Neil's article on COVID?.
Answer: - during pandemic it was hard to test for and care for COVID pt.
while keeping staff safe; opening hospitals up to a multitude of liability-
nurses "snoop" during pandemic to find more information (including from
health records); resulting in termination- Nurse competency documentation
is one of the first evidences needed when a legal nurse consultant is
representing a client in a malpractice case.- AMSN: an online tool kit to
help hospitals match emergency health care staff with covid roles, by
helping to evaluate the applicants competency; which also included
educational resources- ANA: online resource for evidence-based guidelines,
including COVID-19 resources and information to support the mental health
and resilience of nurses- Importance of task forces after events helping
recover prevent lawsuits.
◍ What are the key ideas from (Chiu, 2021) article?.
Answer: - nursing policy advocacy is a key part of nurse's role but they don't
always have the proper support etc. to do so- Walt and Gilson's Health
Policy Triangle Framework in this article looks at the theoretical
underpinning of policy advocacy to enhance nurses role- Call to action for
more responsibility of nurses to use their role to drive change and address
the inequities in healthcare
◍ What are the four key components of Walt and Gilson's Health Policy
Triangle Framework from Chiu, 2021 article?.
Answer: - policy content (health issues and what solutions we can come to
and how)- context (structures and forces that shape policies)- process
(importance of nurses engagement in policy development and advocacy for
change)- actors (those who influence policy decisions)
◍ What are the registration classes from Nursing Act 1991?.
Answer: - General Class: Most CNO RPNs and RNs- Extended Class: NPs
(Peds, Adult, PHC, Anaesthesia)- Temporary Class: those who just need to
take NCLEX- Special Assignment Class: short-term, non renewable (mostly
from outside Ontario) who have a specific assignment in Ontario-
, Emergency Class: those usually outside of Ontario given certification during
an emergency- Non-Practising Class: current/previous members of CNO
who no longer practice
◍ what type of occupational hazards do nurses face?.
Answer: o Biological factorso Chemical factorso Physical environmento
Working conditionso Psychosocial factors
◍ what is a healthy workplace.
Answer: a healthy workplace can be defined as a workplace where "workers
and managers collaborate using a continual improvement process to protect
for the safety and well-being of their workers while promoting the
sustainability of the workplace"
◍ What are they key concepts Canada's universal health-care system:
achieving its potential from Martin et al., 2018?.
Answer: - basis of Canadian healthcare is receiving care based on need and
not the amount you can pay (based on Medicare which was founded in
1947) - Challenges of the Canadian Healthcare system: Long wait times,
unequal access in rural areas, and underfunding in certain sectors (including
Indigenous Communities).- Reform Suggestions: Expanding coverage for
pharmaceuticals and home care, improving efficiency, and addressing social
determinants of health and renewal of the tripartite (three party) social
contract.- Continue to learn from other systems to enhance equity and
performance.
◍ What are the key points of CNA's Emergency Preparedness and Response?.
Answer: - nurses play a crucial role in all the phases of disaster preparedness
and management - PHAC provides leadership in response to public health
emergencies- Education and preparation is important
◍ What is the difference between a directive and a direct order?.
Answer: - direct order: client specific, for specific care- directive: for a
number of clients with certain criteria/circumstances, always written by NP
or physician
, ◍ What are the biological hazards that nurses face ?.
Answer: Nurses face biohazards that can cause infections, allergic reactions
and disease. The chain of infection presents itself when patients are full of
reservoirs of viruses, microorganisms, and bacteria are available, and a
mistake is just needed to continue the chain. For example, nurses that are in
high contact with procedures that require sharps with:·poorly working
units·not enough universal precautions are available·the needles used are not
engineered to reduce their sharp risk·or do not have an accessible area to
dispose of themcan lead to transmitting different versions of Hepatitis and
HIV.Also, nurses can aid in transmitting infections to other patients and
themselves if body fluids or blood are left on the equipment or if droplets
are absorbed through direct or indirect contact into the skin or mucosa.
Furthermore, if there is poor ventilation or PPE is not worn correctly,
tuberculosis and meningococcal meningitis can inflate the lungs and spread
from patient to nurse and nurse to nurse.
◍ what are the chemical hazards that nurses face?.
Answer: Nurses can be exposed to chemical hazards intentionally used for
specific cleaning or treatment purposes. Daily, nurses are exposed to
disinfectants and antiseptic solutions, such as surface cleaners, often used to
wipe down machines or clean rooms between patients and users. These
disinfectants and antiseptic solutions have a strong smell and should not be
used without gloves. Nevertheless, even with gloves, the chemical can enter
the lung by inhalation, be absorbed by exposed skin to cause inflammation
or irritation or lead to eczema in the local area. Plus, anesthetic gases such
as formaldehyde can be inhaled or absorbed through the eyes or nasal
mucosa to cause a toxic effect on the central nervous system, be sensitizers
or cause an allergic reaction (sneezing and rhinitis). These may all seem like
one-time reactions that further precautions can prevent; however, constant
exposure to these chemical hazards can be cancerous to nurses or lead to the
development or worsening of asthma.
◍ Nurses' hazardous working conditions:.
Answer: Canadian nursing workforce is aging, and heading to retirement.
