TEST BANK McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (9TH) by Julia Rogers

TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
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dr Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
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2024-2025 dr

, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE dr




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. dr c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
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Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr


substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
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descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
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PTS: d r d r 1 REF: d r PG 2 dr




2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome d r d r




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C dr


Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr


largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
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histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
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genetic information.
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PTS: d r d r 1 REF: d r PG 2 dr




3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
dr p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
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to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes d r




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B dr


Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr


use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
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reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if
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it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
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(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
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through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
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saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
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digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
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acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
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PTS: d r d r 1 REF: d r PG 8 dr




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
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cell injury?
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a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum dr dr


b. Golgi complex dr d. Lysosomes d r




ACCURATE ANSWER:-D dr

, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr


powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
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leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
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treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can
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then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other
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options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: d r d r 1 REF: d r PGs 7-8 dr




5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
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dr pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
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the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the
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cell membrane.
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b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the
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cell membrane.
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c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell
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membrane.dr


d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
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membrane.dr




ACCURATE ANSWER:-A dr


Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr


proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the
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cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: d r d r 1 REF: d r PG 7 | Figure 1-5
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6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M d r




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B dr


Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr


= gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
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synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
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nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
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between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M
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phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
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PTS: d r d r 1 REF: d r PG 37 dr




7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
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as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
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drive active pumps?
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a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates d r




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C dr

, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr


substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels
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for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers
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for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
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(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
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ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
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ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
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environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: d r d r 1 REF: d r PG 13 | PG 15 dr dr dr dr




8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
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apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
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which human diseases?
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a. Cardiac and vascular disorders dr dr dr


b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders dr dr dr


c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders dr dr dr


d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders dr dr dr




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B dr


Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr


designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
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human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: d r d r 1 REF: dr dr PG 15 dr




9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
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membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains dr c. Membrane channel proteins dr dr


b. Glycoprotein channels dr d. Lipid bilayer
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-D dr


Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr


the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules
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that dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily
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core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
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substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
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dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly
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describe this process.
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PTS: d r d r 1 REF: d r PGs 12-13 dr




10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
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a. How a cell membrane functions dr dr dr dr


b. Why our bodies appear to be solid dr dr dr dr dr dr


c. How tissue is differentiated dr dr dr


d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-A dr


Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr dr


their
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self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
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options do not explain the mosaic model.
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