NR 228: Nutrition, Health & Wellness | Final Prep (Comprehensive)
2026 |Chamberlain
1. Which of the following macronutrients provides 9 kilocalories per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Fats
D. Alcohol
Answer: C
Rationale: Fats are the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing 9 kcal/g, whereas
carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/g.
2. A client has a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 27. How should the nurse classify this
weight status?
A. Underweight
B. Normal weight
C. Obese
D. Overweight
Answer: D
Rationale: A BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 is classified as overweight.
,3. Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium in the small
intestine?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin K
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin D
Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin D acts as a hormone to increase the intestinal absorption of calcium
and phosphorus.
4. The nurse is teaching a pregnant woman about preventing neural tube
defects. Which supplement is most important?
A. Iron
B. Folic Acid
C. Vitamin C
D. Calcium
Answer: B
Rationale: Folic acid (Vitamin B9) is critical in early pregnancy to prevent neural tube
defects such as spina bifida.
5. Which of the following is a classic sign of Vitamin C deficiency (Scurvy)?
A. Gingivitis and bleeding gums
B. Night blindness
C. Rickets
D. Osteomalacia
Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin C is necessary for collagen synthesis; its deficiency leads to weakened
connective tissues and bleeding gums.
, 6. A patient on a vegan diet is at highest risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Fiber
D. Potassium
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found naturally only in animal products, making vegans
susceptible to deficiency without supplementation.
7. Which of the following represents a complex carbohydrate?
A. Glucose
B. Starch
C. Fructose
D. Sucrose
Answer: B
Rationale: Starch is a polysaccharide (complex carbohydrate), while glucose, fructose, and
sucrose are simple sugars.
8. The DASH diet is primarily recommended for patients with which condition?
A. Diabetes Mellitus
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Hypertension
D. Celiac Disease
Answer: C
Rationale: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet emphasizes low
sodium and high potassium, magnesium, and calcium.
2026 |Chamberlain
1. Which of the following macronutrients provides 9 kilocalories per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Fats
D. Alcohol
Answer: C
Rationale: Fats are the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing 9 kcal/g, whereas
carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/g.
2. A client has a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 27. How should the nurse classify this
weight status?
A. Underweight
B. Normal weight
C. Obese
D. Overweight
Answer: D
Rationale: A BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 is classified as overweight.
,3. Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium in the small
intestine?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin K
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin D
Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin D acts as a hormone to increase the intestinal absorption of calcium
and phosphorus.
4. The nurse is teaching a pregnant woman about preventing neural tube
defects. Which supplement is most important?
A. Iron
B. Folic Acid
C. Vitamin C
D. Calcium
Answer: B
Rationale: Folic acid (Vitamin B9) is critical in early pregnancy to prevent neural tube
defects such as spina bifida.
5. Which of the following is a classic sign of Vitamin C deficiency (Scurvy)?
A. Gingivitis and bleeding gums
B. Night blindness
C. Rickets
D. Osteomalacia
Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin C is necessary for collagen synthesis; its deficiency leads to weakened
connective tissues and bleeding gums.
, 6. A patient on a vegan diet is at highest risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Fiber
D. Potassium
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found naturally only in animal products, making vegans
susceptible to deficiency without supplementation.
7. Which of the following represents a complex carbohydrate?
A. Glucose
B. Starch
C. Fructose
D. Sucrose
Answer: B
Rationale: Starch is a polysaccharide (complex carbohydrate), while glucose, fructose, and
sucrose are simple sugars.
8. The DASH diet is primarily recommended for patients with which condition?
A. Diabetes Mellitus
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Hypertension
D. Celiac Disease
Answer: C
Rationale: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet emphasizes low
sodium and high potassium, magnesium, and calcium.
