2023-2026 ATI PN
PEDIATRIC
500+ QUESTIONS BANK
(NGN-STYLE QUESTIONS & CASE SCENARIOS)
Answers with detailed Rationale
What You’ll Get:
• quick review
• Printable, easy-to-study PDF
Not affiliated with ATI, VATI or NCLEX. For study purposes only.
,───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
1. Hemophilia A
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
A nurse is assisting in the care of a school-age child who has hemophilia A.
Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a typical
manifestation of this disorder?
A. Concave fingernails
B. Joint pain and stiffness
C. Prominent frontal bossing
D. Increased risk of infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Hemophilia A is a bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency of factor
VIII. Children commonly experience bleeding into joints (hemarthrosis), leading to joint
pain and stiffness. Concave fingernails (A) suggest iron-deficiency anemia, prominent
frontal bossing (C) is more often associated with conditions like thalassemia, and
increased infection risk (D) is not the hallmark of hemophilia.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
2. Toddler Dietary Teaching
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with the parent of a 2-year-old toddler.
Which of the following should the nurse include?
A. “It is recommended that the toddler consume no more than 12 ounces of fruit juice
each day.”
B. “An appropriate serving size is 1 tablespoon of food per year of age.”
C. “Introduce healthy finger foods like raw carrot and celery sticks.”
D. “Encourage 5 cups of low-fat milk each day.”
Answer: B
Rationale: Toddlers should receive approximately 1 tablespoon of each food per year of
age at mealtime to prevent overfeeding. Option A (12 ounces of juice) is actually higher
than most recommended guidelines (often ≤ 4–6 oz/day). Raw carrots and celery (C)
pose a choking hazard in this age group unless cut very finely or cooked. Five cups of
milk daily (D) often exceeds recommended dairy servings (2–3 cups/day at this age).
,───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
3. Immunizations for an Adolescent
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
A nurse in a clinic is collecting data from an adolescent who has received all
recommended immunizations through 6 years of age. Which of the following
vaccines should the nurse anticipate administering next?
A. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
B. Rotavirus (RV)
C. Polio (IPV)
D. Tetanus, diphtheria toxoids, and acellular pertussis (Tdap)
Answer: D
Rationale: Tdap is routinely given around 11–12 years of age as a booster. Hib (A), RV
(B), and final IPV (C) doses are typically completed by early childhood.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
4. Oral Iron Supplements
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about liquid oral iron supplements with the
guardian of a school-age child who has iron deficiency anemia. Which guardian
statement indicates understanding of the teaching?
A. “I will give my child a double dose if a dose is missed.”
B. “I will give this medication with skim milk.”
C. “This medication will turn my child’s stools white.”
D. “I will give this medication to my child using a straw.”
Answer: D
Rationale: Iron can stain tooth enamel. Administering it with a straw (or dropper)
minimizes contact with teeth. Giving double doses (A) can lead to toxicity. Milk (B)
decreases iron absorption. Iron often turns stools dark or black, not white (C).
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
5. Parent Refusal of Infant Vaccines
, ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
A nurse at a provider’s office is preparing to administer scheduled vaccines to an
infant when the parent refuses. Which action should the nurse take FIRST?
A. Ask the parent why they do not want the vaccines.
B. Provide the parent with a Vaccine Information Statement (VIS).
C. Ask if the parent’s other children received immunizations.
D. Inform the parent that the vaccines must be given at the next visit.
Answer: B
Rationale: By law, parents must receive the VIS before each vaccine. This provides
accurate, evidence-based information for informed decision-making. Exploring reasons
(A) is important, but the first step is to provide the VIS.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
6. Administering Ophthalmic Drops
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
A nurse is preparing to administer ophthalmic drops to a child. Which action
should the nurse take?
A. Position the child with their head flexed downward.
B. Apply pressure to the lacrimal punctum for 1 min following administration.
C. Hold the dropper 5 cm (2 in) above the eye when instilling medication.
D. Wipe excess medication from the inner canthus toward the outer canthus.
Answer: B
Rationale: Applying gentle pressure to the lacrimal punctum (inner canthus) for about 1
minute prevents systemic absorption and reduces discomfort. The child’s head should
be tilted slightly back (not flexed downward). Drops should be instilled closer than 5 cm
to the eye to ensure correct placement. If needed, excess fluid is wiped outward to
avoid contaminating the lacrimal area.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
7. Celiac Disease Foods
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
PEDIATRIC
500+ QUESTIONS BANK
(NGN-STYLE QUESTIONS & CASE SCENARIOS)
Answers with detailed Rationale
What You’ll Get:
• quick review
• Printable, easy-to-study PDF
Not affiliated with ATI, VATI or NCLEX. For study purposes only.
,───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
1. Hemophilia A
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
A nurse is assisting in the care of a school-age child who has hemophilia A.
Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a typical
manifestation of this disorder?
A. Concave fingernails
B. Joint pain and stiffness
C. Prominent frontal bossing
D. Increased risk of infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Hemophilia A is a bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency of factor
VIII. Children commonly experience bleeding into joints (hemarthrosis), leading to joint
pain and stiffness. Concave fingernails (A) suggest iron-deficiency anemia, prominent
frontal bossing (C) is more often associated with conditions like thalassemia, and
increased infection risk (D) is not the hallmark of hemophilia.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
2. Toddler Dietary Teaching
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with the parent of a 2-year-old toddler.
Which of the following should the nurse include?
A. “It is recommended that the toddler consume no more than 12 ounces of fruit juice
each day.”
B. “An appropriate serving size is 1 tablespoon of food per year of age.”
C. “Introduce healthy finger foods like raw carrot and celery sticks.”
D. “Encourage 5 cups of low-fat milk each day.”
Answer: B
Rationale: Toddlers should receive approximately 1 tablespoon of each food per year of
age at mealtime to prevent overfeeding. Option A (12 ounces of juice) is actually higher
than most recommended guidelines (often ≤ 4–6 oz/day). Raw carrots and celery (C)
pose a choking hazard in this age group unless cut very finely or cooked. Five cups of
milk daily (D) often exceeds recommended dairy servings (2–3 cups/day at this age).
,───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
3. Immunizations for an Adolescent
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
A nurse in a clinic is collecting data from an adolescent who has received all
recommended immunizations through 6 years of age. Which of the following
vaccines should the nurse anticipate administering next?
A. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
B. Rotavirus (RV)
C. Polio (IPV)
D. Tetanus, diphtheria toxoids, and acellular pertussis (Tdap)
Answer: D
Rationale: Tdap is routinely given around 11–12 years of age as a booster. Hib (A), RV
(B), and final IPV (C) doses are typically completed by early childhood.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
4. Oral Iron Supplements
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about liquid oral iron supplements with the
guardian of a school-age child who has iron deficiency anemia. Which guardian
statement indicates understanding of the teaching?
A. “I will give my child a double dose if a dose is missed.”
B. “I will give this medication with skim milk.”
C. “This medication will turn my child’s stools white.”
D. “I will give this medication to my child using a straw.”
Answer: D
Rationale: Iron can stain tooth enamel. Administering it with a straw (or dropper)
minimizes contact with teeth. Giving double doses (A) can lead to toxicity. Milk (B)
decreases iron absorption. Iron often turns stools dark or black, not white (C).
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
5. Parent Refusal of Infant Vaccines
, ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
A nurse at a provider’s office is preparing to administer scheduled vaccines to an
infant when the parent refuses. Which action should the nurse take FIRST?
A. Ask the parent why they do not want the vaccines.
B. Provide the parent with a Vaccine Information Statement (VIS).
C. Ask if the parent’s other children received immunizations.
D. Inform the parent that the vaccines must be given at the next visit.
Answer: B
Rationale: By law, parents must receive the VIS before each vaccine. This provides
accurate, evidence-based information for informed decision-making. Exploring reasons
(A) is important, but the first step is to provide the VIS.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
6. Administering Ophthalmic Drops
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
A nurse is preparing to administer ophthalmic drops to a child. Which action
should the nurse take?
A. Position the child with their head flexed downward.
B. Apply pressure to the lacrimal punctum for 1 min following administration.
C. Hold the dropper 5 cm (2 in) above the eye when instilling medication.
D. Wipe excess medication from the inner canthus toward the outer canthus.
Answer: B
Rationale: Applying gentle pressure to the lacrimal punctum (inner canthus) for about 1
minute prevents systemic absorption and reduces discomfort. The child’s head should
be tilted slightly back (not flexed downward). Drops should be instilled closer than 5 cm
to the eye to ensure correct placement. If needed, excess fluid is wiped outward to
avoid contaminating the lacrimal area.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
7. Celiac Disease Foods
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
