1|Page
Fresenius RN EXAM Newest 2026 Complete Questions
and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
|Already Graded A+
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system?
......ANSWER......2 Kidneys
2 Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Anatomical structure of kidneys, order of urine flow?
......ANSWER......kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Kidneys produce urine which is transported by the ureters to the
bladder where it is stored and eventually excreted from the body via
the urethra.
What is a nephron? ......ANSWER......Nephrons are the functional units
of the kidney. They are a tubular structure that filter blood to form
urine.
What are nephrons composed of? ......ANSWER......Glomerulus and
Tubules
pg. 1
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What is a glomerulus composed of? ......ANSWER......Tangled cluster of
capillaries surrounded by the Bowman's capsule.
How does blood enter the kidney? ......ANSWER......Through the renal
artery
What is the acronym for the 7 functions of the kidneys?
......ANSWER......A Wet Bed
What does A Wet Bed stand for? ......ANSWER......A - acid base balance
maintenance
W - water balance maintenance
E - electrolyte balance
T - toxin removal
B - blood pressure regulation
E - erythropoietin production
D - vitamin d metabolism
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the 5 stages of kidney
disease? ......ANSWER......GFR describes the flow rate of filtered fluid
through the kidney.
pg. 2
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GFR of the 5 stages of kidney disease? ......ANSWER......1. 90 or greater
2. 60-89
3. 30-59
4. 15-29
5. less than 15
Descriptions of the 5 stages of kidney disease? ......ANSWER......1.
Normal kidney function but urine or other abnormalities point to kidney
disease.
2. Mildly reduced kidney function, urine or other abnormalities point to
kidney disease.
3. Moderately reduced kidney function.
4. Severely reduced kidney function.
5. Very severely reduced kidney function (also called CKD)
What are the types of kidney failure? ......ANSWER......Acute and chronic
What can cause acute renal failure? ......ANSWER......Drug toxicity
MVA
Dehydration
Characteristics of acute renal failure? ......ANSWER......Sudden Onset
Severe
pg. 3
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Usually reversible
What can cause chronic renal failure? ......ANSWER......Diabetes
Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis
What are some characteristics of chronic renal failure?
......ANSWER......Slow onset
Progressive
Permanent
Other causes of Renal Failure can include: ......ANSWER......Polycystic
Kidney Disease
Interstitial Nephritis
Goodpasture Syndrome
Wilm's Tumor
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Alport's Disease
Sickle Cell Disease
Drug Toxicity (Heroin, cocaine, NSAIDs, acetaminophen)
AIDS
Obstructions
Scleroderma
pg. 4
Fresenius RN EXAM Newest 2026 Complete Questions
and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
|Already Graded A+
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system?
......ANSWER......2 Kidneys
2 Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Anatomical structure of kidneys, order of urine flow?
......ANSWER......kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Kidneys produce urine which is transported by the ureters to the
bladder where it is stored and eventually excreted from the body via
the urethra.
What is a nephron? ......ANSWER......Nephrons are the functional units
of the kidney. They are a tubular structure that filter blood to form
urine.
What are nephrons composed of? ......ANSWER......Glomerulus and
Tubules
pg. 1
,2|Page
What is a glomerulus composed of? ......ANSWER......Tangled cluster of
capillaries surrounded by the Bowman's capsule.
How does blood enter the kidney? ......ANSWER......Through the renal
artery
What is the acronym for the 7 functions of the kidneys?
......ANSWER......A Wet Bed
What does A Wet Bed stand for? ......ANSWER......A - acid base balance
maintenance
W - water balance maintenance
E - electrolyte balance
T - toxin removal
B - blood pressure regulation
E - erythropoietin production
D - vitamin d metabolism
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the 5 stages of kidney
disease? ......ANSWER......GFR describes the flow rate of filtered fluid
through the kidney.
pg. 2
,3|Page
GFR of the 5 stages of kidney disease? ......ANSWER......1. 90 or greater
2. 60-89
3. 30-59
4. 15-29
5. less than 15
Descriptions of the 5 stages of kidney disease? ......ANSWER......1.
Normal kidney function but urine or other abnormalities point to kidney
disease.
2. Mildly reduced kidney function, urine or other abnormalities point to
kidney disease.
3. Moderately reduced kidney function.
4. Severely reduced kidney function.
5. Very severely reduced kidney function (also called CKD)
What are the types of kidney failure? ......ANSWER......Acute and chronic
What can cause acute renal failure? ......ANSWER......Drug toxicity
MVA
Dehydration
Characteristics of acute renal failure? ......ANSWER......Sudden Onset
Severe
pg. 3
, 4|Page
Usually reversible
What can cause chronic renal failure? ......ANSWER......Diabetes
Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis
What are some characteristics of chronic renal failure?
......ANSWER......Slow onset
Progressive
Permanent
Other causes of Renal Failure can include: ......ANSWER......Polycystic
Kidney Disease
Interstitial Nephritis
Goodpasture Syndrome
Wilm's Tumor
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Alport's Disease
Sickle Cell Disease
Drug Toxicity (Heroin, cocaine, NSAIDs, acetaminophen)
AIDS
Obstructions
Scleroderma
pg. 4
