Cluster A: Diagnostic criteria
Paranoid PD Schizoid PD Schizotypal PD
A: Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness. A: Pervasive pattern of detachment from A: Pervasive pattern of social and
Motives are interpreted as malevolent. social relationships and a restricted range of interpersonal deficits marked by:
Onset: Early adulthood emotions in interpersonal settings. 1. Acute discomfort with, and reduced
Onset: Early adulthood capacity for, close relationships
4 of following criteria: 2. Cognitive or perceptual distortions
4 of following criteria: 3. Eccentricities of behaviour
Suspects without sufficient basis that others Onset: Early adulthood
are exploiting, harming or deceiving them. Neither desires nor enjoys close
Preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the relationships, including being part of a family. 5 of following criteria:
loyalty of friends. Almost always chooses solitary activities.
Reluctant to confide in others because of fear Has little, if any, interest in having sexual Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of
that the info will be used maliciously against experiences with another person. reference)
them. Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities. Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influence
Reads hidden demeaning or threatening Lacks close friends other than first-degree behaviour and is inconsistent with subcultural
meanings into benign remarks or actions. relatives. norms.
Persistently bears grudges. Appears indifferent to the praise or criticism Unusual perceptual experiences, including
Perceives attacks on character that are not of others. bodily illusions.
apparent to others. Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or Odd thinking and speech.
Recurrent suspicions, without justification, flattened affect. Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.
regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner Inappropriate or constricted affect.
Behaviour or appearance that is odd,
eccentric, or peculiar.
Lack of close friends or confidants other than
first-degree relatives.
Excessive social anxiety that does not
diminish with familiarity and tends to be
associated with paranoid fears rather than
negative judgements about self.
B: Does not occur exclusively during the B: Does not occur exclusively during the B: Does not occur exclusively during the
course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or
depressive disorder with psychotic features, depressive disorder with psychotic features, depressive disorder with psychotic features,
, Cluster B: Diagnostic criteria
Antisocial PD Borderline PD Histrionic PD Narcissistic PD
A: Pervasive pattern of A: Pervasive pattern of instability A: Pervasive pattern of A: Pervasive pattern of grandiosity,
disregard for and violation of of interpersonal relationships, excessive emotionality and need for admiration and lack of
the rights of others self-image and affect, and marked attention seeking. empathy.
Onset: 15 years old impulsivity. Onset: Early adulthood Onset: Early adulthood.
Onset: Early adulthood
3 of following criteria: 5 of the following criteria: 5 of following criteria:
5 of the following criteria:
1. Failure to conform to social 1. Uncomfortable in situations in 1. Grandiose sense of self-
norms with respect to lawful 1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or which they are not the centre of importance
behaviours (repeatedly imagined abandonment. attention. 2. Preoccupied with fantasies of
performing acts that are 2. Pattern of unstable and intense 2. Interaction with others is often unlimited success, power, brilliance,
grounds for arrest) interpersonal relationships characterised by inappropriate beauty, or ideal love.
2. Deceitfulness (repeated characterised by alternating sexually seductive or 3. Believes they are “special” and
lying, use of aliases, or between extremes of idealization provocative behaviour. unique and can only be understood
conning others for personal and devaluation. 3. Displays rapidly shifting and by other special or high-status
profit) 3. Identity disturbance: markedly shallow expression of emotions. people.
3. Impulsivity or failure to plan and persistently unstable self- 4. Consistently uses physical 4. Requires excessive admiration.
ahead. image. appearance to draw attention to 5. Sense of entitlement.
Irritability and aggressiveness 4. Impulsivity in at least 2 areas self. 6. Interpersonally exploitative.
(repeated physical fights) that are potentially self-damaging 5. Style of speech that is 7. Lacks empathy: unwilling to
4. Reckless disregard for (reckless driving, binge eating excessively impressionistic and recognize feelings and needs of
safety of self or others. etc.) lacking in detail. others.
5. Consistent irresponsibility 5. Recurrent suicidal behaviour, 6. Shows self-dramatization, 8. Often envious of others or
(repeated failure to sustain gestures, threats or self-mutilating theatrically, and exaggerated believes that others are envious of
consistent work behaviour) behaviour. expression of emotion. them.
6. Lack of remorse (indifferent 6. Affective instability due to a 7. Suggestible (easily influenced 9. Shows arrogant, haughty
to hurt) marked reactivity of mood. by others) behaviours or attitudes.
7. Chronic feelings of emptiness. 8. Considers relationships to be
8. Inappropriate intense anger, or more intimate than they actually
difficulty controlling anger. are.
9. Transient, stress-related
paranoid ideation or severe
dissociative symptoms.
Paranoid PD Schizoid PD Schizotypal PD
A: Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness. A: Pervasive pattern of detachment from A: Pervasive pattern of social and
Motives are interpreted as malevolent. social relationships and a restricted range of interpersonal deficits marked by:
Onset: Early adulthood emotions in interpersonal settings. 1. Acute discomfort with, and reduced
Onset: Early adulthood capacity for, close relationships
4 of following criteria: 2. Cognitive or perceptual distortions
4 of following criteria: 3. Eccentricities of behaviour
Suspects without sufficient basis that others Onset: Early adulthood
are exploiting, harming or deceiving them. Neither desires nor enjoys close
Preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the relationships, including being part of a family. 5 of following criteria:
loyalty of friends. Almost always chooses solitary activities.
Reluctant to confide in others because of fear Has little, if any, interest in having sexual Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of
that the info will be used maliciously against experiences with another person. reference)
them. Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities. Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influence
Reads hidden demeaning or threatening Lacks close friends other than first-degree behaviour and is inconsistent with subcultural
meanings into benign remarks or actions. relatives. norms.
Persistently bears grudges. Appears indifferent to the praise or criticism Unusual perceptual experiences, including
Perceives attacks on character that are not of others. bodily illusions.
apparent to others. Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or Odd thinking and speech.
Recurrent suspicions, without justification, flattened affect. Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.
regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner Inappropriate or constricted affect.
Behaviour or appearance that is odd,
eccentric, or peculiar.
Lack of close friends or confidants other than
first-degree relatives.
Excessive social anxiety that does not
diminish with familiarity and tends to be
associated with paranoid fears rather than
negative judgements about self.
B: Does not occur exclusively during the B: Does not occur exclusively during the B: Does not occur exclusively during the
course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or
depressive disorder with psychotic features, depressive disorder with psychotic features, depressive disorder with psychotic features,
, Cluster B: Diagnostic criteria
Antisocial PD Borderline PD Histrionic PD Narcissistic PD
A: Pervasive pattern of A: Pervasive pattern of instability A: Pervasive pattern of A: Pervasive pattern of grandiosity,
disregard for and violation of of interpersonal relationships, excessive emotionality and need for admiration and lack of
the rights of others self-image and affect, and marked attention seeking. empathy.
Onset: 15 years old impulsivity. Onset: Early adulthood Onset: Early adulthood.
Onset: Early adulthood
3 of following criteria: 5 of the following criteria: 5 of following criteria:
5 of the following criteria:
1. Failure to conform to social 1. Uncomfortable in situations in 1. Grandiose sense of self-
norms with respect to lawful 1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or which they are not the centre of importance
behaviours (repeatedly imagined abandonment. attention. 2. Preoccupied with fantasies of
performing acts that are 2. Pattern of unstable and intense 2. Interaction with others is often unlimited success, power, brilliance,
grounds for arrest) interpersonal relationships characterised by inappropriate beauty, or ideal love.
2. Deceitfulness (repeated characterised by alternating sexually seductive or 3. Believes they are “special” and
lying, use of aliases, or between extremes of idealization provocative behaviour. unique and can only be understood
conning others for personal and devaluation. 3. Displays rapidly shifting and by other special or high-status
profit) 3. Identity disturbance: markedly shallow expression of emotions. people.
3. Impulsivity or failure to plan and persistently unstable self- 4. Consistently uses physical 4. Requires excessive admiration.
ahead. image. appearance to draw attention to 5. Sense of entitlement.
Irritability and aggressiveness 4. Impulsivity in at least 2 areas self. 6. Interpersonally exploitative.
(repeated physical fights) that are potentially self-damaging 5. Style of speech that is 7. Lacks empathy: unwilling to
4. Reckless disregard for (reckless driving, binge eating excessively impressionistic and recognize feelings and needs of
safety of self or others. etc.) lacking in detail. others.
5. Consistent irresponsibility 5. Recurrent suicidal behaviour, 6. Shows self-dramatization, 8. Often envious of others or
(repeated failure to sustain gestures, threats or self-mutilating theatrically, and exaggerated believes that others are envious of
consistent work behaviour) behaviour. expression of emotion. them.
6. Lack of remorse (indifferent 6. Affective instability due to a 7. Suggestible (easily influenced 9. Shows arrogant, haughty
to hurt) marked reactivity of mood. by others) behaviours or attitudes.
7. Chronic feelings of emptiness. 8. Considers relationships to be
8. Inappropriate intense anger, or more intimate than they actually
difficulty controlling anger. are.
9. Transient, stress-related
paranoid ideation or severe
dissociative symptoms.
