UTMB PHARM EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED AND 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
Acute Inflammation Correct Answers initial response of increased
plasma and leukocytes from blood to site of injury
Chronic Inflammation Correct Answers progressive shift in type of cells
present at the site and simultaneous destruction + healting of tissue
Autoimmune Correct Answers inability to distinguish self from non-
self, progressive tissue injury > pain, loss of function, disability,
decreased quality of life
Misoprostol Correct Answers Action: Mucosal lining of stomach,
Reduces gastric acid production in chronic NSAID use
Uses: Prevention of gastric ulcers chronic NSAID use
SE: diarrhea, cramping
ABORTIFACIENT!-Black Box
Latano-/Travo-/Bimato- PROST Correct Answers A prostaglandin
Action: increase uveoscleral outflow
(Bimatoprost for eyelash growth/pigmentation)
Use: open angle glaucoma, elevated intraocular pressure (ophthalmic
soln)
Epoprostenol
,Illoprost Correct Answers Action: potent pulmonary vasodilator
Use: Pulmonary Arterial HTN (PAH)
Form: continuous IV infusion due to short half life, nebulizer
Side effect (Illoprost): Dizziness, Flushing, Headache, fainting
(syncope)
Aloprostadil Correct Answers A Prostaglandins
Action: smooth muscle relaxation
Use: Erectile dysfunction, patency of neonate ductus arteriosus
Lubiprostone Correct Answers Action: increase intestinal fluid secretion
Use: Chronic constipation, IBS
SE: nausea, diarrhea
NSAIDs Correct Answers Action: ALL NSAIDS act by inhibiting
cyclooxygenase enzymes resulting in decreased PROSTaglandin
synthesis --> inactivate COX
SE: CV events (thrombosis, MI, stroke), GI events(bleeding, ulceration,
perforation), renal toxicity
COX-1 vs. COX-2 Correct Answers diffences in safety and efficacy
depend on the balance of COX-1 vs. COX-2
,COX-1 inhibition Correct Answers Prevention of CV events, most
adverse events(like stomach ulcers and gastric bleeding; less platelet
aggregation)
COX-2 inhibition Correct Answers anti-inflammatory and analgesia
Metabolism of ASA Correct Answers irreversibly acetylates (inactivates
COX)
becomes salicylate
3 Actions of ASA Correct Answers anti-inflammatory
antiPyretic
Analgesic
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA aka Aspirin) Correct Answers NSAID
prototype (approved by FDA in 1939)
Action: irreversibly inactivates cyclooxygenase(unique)
Uses:
Topical-->acne, corns, calluses, and warts
Inhibits platelet aggregation --> irreversibly inhibits
Thromboxane(COX-1 path) for 3-7days (life of the platelet)
Decreases vasoconstriction
Reduces risk of: TIAs(storke;low dose); MI sudden death, unstable
angina; CV risk in revascularization procedures
, ASA Pharmacokinetics Correct Answers Oral administration: salicylates
passively absorbed in stomach and small intestine
Rectal absorption is slow and urliable
Must be avoided in children and teenagers (<20) with viral infections, to
prevent Reyes syndrome
ASA Dosages Correct Answers Analgesic activity-->low doses( 2 35mg
ASA QID =8 tablets)
Anti-inflammatory-->higher doses (12-20 tablets/day; w/RA)
Long-term MI prophylaxis (81-162mg/day)
Acute MI--> 162-325mg non-EC(chewed)
Stroke prophylaxis-->50-325mg/day
ASA side effects Correct Answers N/V, epigastric pain, microcopic
bleeding (occult)-->take with food
Avoid one week prior to surgery(anti-platelet)
Toxic doses: respiratory depression, metabolic acidosis, and
hyperthermia
Approximately 15%-->HTN rxn
Reye syndrome (pedi, viral illness)
Pregnancy category C(1 and 2 trimesters), catagory D (3rd); excreted in
breastmilk-avoid if breastfeeding
ASA toxicity Correct Answers Mild (salicylism) = N/V,
hyperventilation, headache, confusion, dizziness, TINNITUS(ringing)
VERIFIED AND 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
Acute Inflammation Correct Answers initial response of increased
plasma and leukocytes from blood to site of injury
Chronic Inflammation Correct Answers progressive shift in type of cells
present at the site and simultaneous destruction + healting of tissue
Autoimmune Correct Answers inability to distinguish self from non-
self, progressive tissue injury > pain, loss of function, disability,
decreased quality of life
Misoprostol Correct Answers Action: Mucosal lining of stomach,
Reduces gastric acid production in chronic NSAID use
Uses: Prevention of gastric ulcers chronic NSAID use
SE: diarrhea, cramping
ABORTIFACIENT!-Black Box
Latano-/Travo-/Bimato- PROST Correct Answers A prostaglandin
Action: increase uveoscleral outflow
(Bimatoprost for eyelash growth/pigmentation)
Use: open angle glaucoma, elevated intraocular pressure (ophthalmic
soln)
Epoprostenol
,Illoprost Correct Answers Action: potent pulmonary vasodilator
Use: Pulmonary Arterial HTN (PAH)
Form: continuous IV infusion due to short half life, nebulizer
Side effect (Illoprost): Dizziness, Flushing, Headache, fainting
(syncope)
Aloprostadil Correct Answers A Prostaglandins
Action: smooth muscle relaxation
Use: Erectile dysfunction, patency of neonate ductus arteriosus
Lubiprostone Correct Answers Action: increase intestinal fluid secretion
Use: Chronic constipation, IBS
SE: nausea, diarrhea
NSAIDs Correct Answers Action: ALL NSAIDS act by inhibiting
cyclooxygenase enzymes resulting in decreased PROSTaglandin
synthesis --> inactivate COX
SE: CV events (thrombosis, MI, stroke), GI events(bleeding, ulceration,
perforation), renal toxicity
COX-1 vs. COX-2 Correct Answers diffences in safety and efficacy
depend on the balance of COX-1 vs. COX-2
,COX-1 inhibition Correct Answers Prevention of CV events, most
adverse events(like stomach ulcers and gastric bleeding; less platelet
aggregation)
COX-2 inhibition Correct Answers anti-inflammatory and analgesia
Metabolism of ASA Correct Answers irreversibly acetylates (inactivates
COX)
becomes salicylate
3 Actions of ASA Correct Answers anti-inflammatory
antiPyretic
Analgesic
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA aka Aspirin) Correct Answers NSAID
prototype (approved by FDA in 1939)
Action: irreversibly inactivates cyclooxygenase(unique)
Uses:
Topical-->acne, corns, calluses, and warts
Inhibits platelet aggregation --> irreversibly inhibits
Thromboxane(COX-1 path) for 3-7days (life of the platelet)
Decreases vasoconstriction
Reduces risk of: TIAs(storke;low dose); MI sudden death, unstable
angina; CV risk in revascularization procedures
, ASA Pharmacokinetics Correct Answers Oral administration: salicylates
passively absorbed in stomach and small intestine
Rectal absorption is slow and urliable
Must be avoided in children and teenagers (<20) with viral infections, to
prevent Reyes syndrome
ASA Dosages Correct Answers Analgesic activity-->low doses( 2 35mg
ASA QID =8 tablets)
Anti-inflammatory-->higher doses (12-20 tablets/day; w/RA)
Long-term MI prophylaxis (81-162mg/day)
Acute MI--> 162-325mg non-EC(chewed)
Stroke prophylaxis-->50-325mg/day
ASA side effects Correct Answers N/V, epigastric pain, microcopic
bleeding (occult)-->take with food
Avoid one week prior to surgery(anti-platelet)
Toxic doses: respiratory depression, metabolic acidosis, and
hyperthermia
Approximately 15%-->HTN rxn
Reye syndrome (pedi, viral illness)
Pregnancy category C(1 and 2 trimesters), catagory D (3rd); excreted in
breastmilk-avoid if breastfeeding
ASA toxicity Correct Answers Mild (salicylism) = N/V,
hyperventilation, headache, confusion, dizziness, TINNITUS(ringing)
