ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - EXAM 4 (NEURO)
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome Correct Answers A syndrome caused by
autoantibodies that inhibit the function of presynaptic calcium channels,
leading to decreased release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft
Lambert-Eaton - Clinical Manifestations Correct Answers *Strong link
to lung cancer
*Muscle weakness that IMPROVES with repetitive stimulation
*Do not respond to cholinesterase inhibitors
Spinal cord trauma - patho Correct Answers *Microscopic hemorrhages
in central grey matter
*Axonal edema in white matter --> ischemia --> injury and
degeneration
*Release inflammatory mediators -->necrosis and scar tissue formation
*Injury is maximal at injury site and two cord segments above and
below it
,Spinal cord trauma - Clinical manifestations Correct Answers *Spinal
shock (normal activity of the spinal cord stops at and below level of
injury. Loss of spinal reflexes.)
*Paraplegia, quadriplegia
*Autonomic dysreflexia
Brown-Sequard Syndrome Correct Answers Occurs when there is
trauma or lesion that affects one half of the spinal cord. Typically occurs
in the cervical region.
Brown-Sequard Syndrome - Clinical Manifestations Correct Answers
*Loss of proprioception on the SAME side as the lesion
*Loss of voluntary motor function from the corticospinal tract on the
SAME side as the lesion
*Loss of pain and temperature on the OPPOSITE side of the lesion
Syringomyelia Correct Answers The presence of a cavity in the spinal
cord. Usually caused by a tumor, cyst, or trauma.
Syringomyelia -Clinical Manifestations Correct Answers Loss of pain
and temperature sensation on both sides at the level of the lesion (Due to
the crossing of the lateral spinothalamic tract)
, Stroke - Types Correct Answers *Ischemic (embolic, thrombolic)
*Hemorrhagic
Atherosclerosis Correct Answers Most common cause of thrombotic
stroke
Internal carotid, middle cerebral, posterior cerebral, and basilar artery
Correct Answers Common sites of thrombotic stroke
Lacunar stroke Correct Answers Microinfarcts that involve small
cerebral arteries that penetrate the brainstem and thalamus. May be
clinically silent or produce motor and/or sensory deficits
Embolic stroke Correct Answers Emboli traveling through the heart,
aorta, and carotic arteries occlude the middle cerebral artery.
Emboli traveling the vertebral and basilar arteries occlude the apex of
the basilar artery
Ischemic stroke - pathogenesis Correct Answers *Nerve cells within the
ischemic focus are damaged and killed by energy deprivation
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome Correct Answers A syndrome caused by
autoantibodies that inhibit the function of presynaptic calcium channels,
leading to decreased release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft
Lambert-Eaton - Clinical Manifestations Correct Answers *Strong link
to lung cancer
*Muscle weakness that IMPROVES with repetitive stimulation
*Do not respond to cholinesterase inhibitors
Spinal cord trauma - patho Correct Answers *Microscopic hemorrhages
in central grey matter
*Axonal edema in white matter --> ischemia --> injury and
degeneration
*Release inflammatory mediators -->necrosis and scar tissue formation
*Injury is maximal at injury site and two cord segments above and
below it
,Spinal cord trauma - Clinical manifestations Correct Answers *Spinal
shock (normal activity of the spinal cord stops at and below level of
injury. Loss of spinal reflexes.)
*Paraplegia, quadriplegia
*Autonomic dysreflexia
Brown-Sequard Syndrome Correct Answers Occurs when there is
trauma or lesion that affects one half of the spinal cord. Typically occurs
in the cervical region.
Brown-Sequard Syndrome - Clinical Manifestations Correct Answers
*Loss of proprioception on the SAME side as the lesion
*Loss of voluntary motor function from the corticospinal tract on the
SAME side as the lesion
*Loss of pain and temperature on the OPPOSITE side of the lesion
Syringomyelia Correct Answers The presence of a cavity in the spinal
cord. Usually caused by a tumor, cyst, or trauma.
Syringomyelia -Clinical Manifestations Correct Answers Loss of pain
and temperature sensation on both sides at the level of the lesion (Due to
the crossing of the lateral spinothalamic tract)
, Stroke - Types Correct Answers *Ischemic (embolic, thrombolic)
*Hemorrhagic
Atherosclerosis Correct Answers Most common cause of thrombotic
stroke
Internal carotid, middle cerebral, posterior cerebral, and basilar artery
Correct Answers Common sites of thrombotic stroke
Lacunar stroke Correct Answers Microinfarcts that involve small
cerebral arteries that penetrate the brainstem and thalamus. May be
clinically silent or produce motor and/or sensory deficits
Embolic stroke Correct Answers Emboli traveling through the heart,
aorta, and carotic arteries occlude the middle cerebral artery.
Emboli traveling the vertebral and basilar arteries occlude the apex of
the basilar artery
Ischemic stroke - pathogenesis Correct Answers *Nerve cells within the
ischemic focus are damaged and killed by energy deprivation
