APEX-ANS EXAM QUESTIONS 2026 |GUARANTEED
ACCURATE ANSWERS |LATEST UPDATED VERSION!!
All of the following are examples of second messengers except:
a. Calcium
b. inositol triphosphate
c. cyclic adenosine monophosphate
d. glutamate-Accurate answers d. glutamate
Glutamate is the FIRST messenger for the NMDA receptor
Stimulation of which receptors activates phospholipase C (select 2):
a. Beta 1
b. M-2
c. Alpha 1
d. Vasopressin 1-Accurate answers C & D
alpha 1
vasopressin 1
Voltage gated Na+ channels in neurons are an example of what type of cellular
communication?-Accurate answers ion-channels open or close to allows ions
down a concentration gradient
What is an enzyme-linked receptor?-Accurate answers the receptor is also an
enzyme
,signal binging actiate the catalytic domain
ex. insulin receptor in skeletal muscle linked to tyrosine kinase
What is the first messenger?-Accurate answers the ligand that binds to a G-protein
coupled receptor
can be a neurotransmitter, hormone, or drug
How does the G-protein coupled receptor activate the effector?-Accurate answers
alpha dissociates from beta and gamma
After an effector activates the second messenger, what is the next step?-Accurate
answers 2nd messenger starts an enzymatic cascade to lead to a cellular response
The intracellular response to the 2nd messenger is _________________
_________________.-Accurate answers tissue specific
What are some examples of effectors that can be activated by a G-protein coupled
receptor?-Accurate answers adenylate cyclase
phospholipase C
GABA
M2
How many second messengers are there and what are they?-Accurate answers
FIVE
1. cAMP
2. cGMP
, 3. IP3
4. DAG
5. Ca++
Beta 1 stimulation in the SNS causes .....-Accurate answers increased contractility,
increased HR, and increased conduction speed
Which alpha receptor is predominantly stimulated in the SNS in the arteries?-
Accurate answers alpha 1
Which alpha receptors is predominantly stimulated in the SNS in the veins?-
Accurate answers alpha 2
Which receptor causes vasodilation by SNS stimulation in the myocardium and
skeletal muscle?-Accurate answers beta 2
Which receptor causes vasodilation by SNS stimulation in the renal and mesenteric
vascular beds?-Accurate answers dopamine
Stimulation of the M2 receptors by the PNS causes.....-Accurate answers
decreased contractility
decreased HR
decreased conduction speed
Which receptor in the bronchial tree cauess bronchoconstriction by PNS
stimulation?-Accurate answers M3
ACCURATE ANSWERS |LATEST UPDATED VERSION!!
All of the following are examples of second messengers except:
a. Calcium
b. inositol triphosphate
c. cyclic adenosine monophosphate
d. glutamate-Accurate answers d. glutamate
Glutamate is the FIRST messenger for the NMDA receptor
Stimulation of which receptors activates phospholipase C (select 2):
a. Beta 1
b. M-2
c. Alpha 1
d. Vasopressin 1-Accurate answers C & D
alpha 1
vasopressin 1
Voltage gated Na+ channels in neurons are an example of what type of cellular
communication?-Accurate answers ion-channels open or close to allows ions
down a concentration gradient
What is an enzyme-linked receptor?-Accurate answers the receptor is also an
enzyme
,signal binging actiate the catalytic domain
ex. insulin receptor in skeletal muscle linked to tyrosine kinase
What is the first messenger?-Accurate answers the ligand that binds to a G-protein
coupled receptor
can be a neurotransmitter, hormone, or drug
How does the G-protein coupled receptor activate the effector?-Accurate answers
alpha dissociates from beta and gamma
After an effector activates the second messenger, what is the next step?-Accurate
answers 2nd messenger starts an enzymatic cascade to lead to a cellular response
The intracellular response to the 2nd messenger is _________________
_________________.-Accurate answers tissue specific
What are some examples of effectors that can be activated by a G-protein coupled
receptor?-Accurate answers adenylate cyclase
phospholipase C
GABA
M2
How many second messengers are there and what are they?-Accurate answers
FIVE
1. cAMP
2. cGMP
, 3. IP3
4. DAG
5. Ca++
Beta 1 stimulation in the SNS causes .....-Accurate answers increased contractility,
increased HR, and increased conduction speed
Which alpha receptor is predominantly stimulated in the SNS in the arteries?-
Accurate answers alpha 1
Which alpha receptors is predominantly stimulated in the SNS in the veins?-
Accurate answers alpha 2
Which receptor causes vasodilation by SNS stimulation in the myocardium and
skeletal muscle?-Accurate answers beta 2
Which receptor causes vasodilation by SNS stimulation in the renal and mesenteric
vascular beds?-Accurate answers dopamine
Stimulation of the M2 receptors by the PNS causes.....-Accurate answers
decreased contractility
decreased HR
decreased conduction speed
Which receptor in the bronchial tree cauess bronchoconstriction by PNS
stimulation?-Accurate answers M3
