Oxford Cambridge and RSA
Tuesday 4 June 2024 – Afternoon
GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project)
J411/14 Crime and Punishment, c.1250 to present with
The Norman Conquest, 1065–1087
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
* 2 3 4 4 0 6 7 5 2 5 *
You must have:
• the OCR 12‑page Answer Booklet
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Write your answer to each question in the Answer Booklet. The question numbers must
be clearly shown.
• Fill in the boxes on the front of the Answer Booklet.
• Section A – Crime and Punishment, c.1250 to present: Answer Questions 1 (a–c), 2, 3
and either Question 4 or Question 5.
• Section B – The Norman Conquest, 1065–1087: Answer Questions 6 (a–b) and 7, and
either Question 8 or Question 9.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 8 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
© OCR 2024 [601/8408/5] OCR is an exempt Charity
DC (KS) 344924 Turn over
, 2
Section A
Crime and Punishment, c.1250 to present
Answer Questions 1 (a–c), 2 and 3.
1
(a) Name one way criminals could avoid being executed in the medieval period (1250–1500). [1]
(b) Name one reason people made accusations of witchcraft in the early modern period (1500–1750).
[1]
(c) Name one development that improved policing in the second half of the 1800s. [1]
2 Write a clear and organised summary that analyses law enforcement between 1250 and 1750.
Support your summary with examples. [9]
3 Why did transportation to Australia become a common punishment in the period 1750–1900?
Explain your answer. [10]
Answer Question 4 or Question 5.
4* ‘By 1750, punishments for committing crimes were harsher than they had been in 1500.’
How far do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer. [18]
5* ‘The main reason crime changed between 1900 and c.2015 was the emergence of new
technology.’
How far do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer. [18]
© OCR 2024 J411/14 Jun24
, 3
Section B
The Norman Conquest, 1065–1087
Answer Questions 6 (a–b) and 7.
6
(a) In Interpretation A, the website portrays Anglo‑Saxon culture as spectacular.
Identify and explain one way in which it does this. [3]
Interpretation A
An extract from the website of the British Library. It is advertising a recent exhibition on
Anglo‑Saxon culture.
In this exhibition, the people of Anglo‑Saxon England tell their story.
Explore the beginnings of the English language and English literature. Come face‑to‑face
with manuscripts of Old English poetry and the first letter written in English. Marvel at the
humour and wisdom of the Anglo‑Saxons.
Encounter the Codex Amiatinus (a giant Bible made in Northumbria) and other church
manuscripts intricately decorated with rich colours and gold.
Discover finely crafted metalwork and sculpture, such as the stunning discoveries
unearthed in Suffolk and Staffordshire.
This is your opportunity to follow the journeys of these magnificent objects and
manuscripts.
(b) If you were asked to do further research on one aspect of Interpretation A, what would you
choose to investigate?
Explain how this would help us to analyse and understand the culture of late Anglo‑Saxon
England. [5]
© OCR 2024 J411/14 Jun24 Turn over
, 4
7 Interpretations B and C both focus on the Battle of Stamford Bridge.
How far do they differ and what might explain any differences? [12]
Interpretation B
An extract from ‘King Harald Hardrada’s Saga’, written in c.1230 by Snorri Sturluson, and taken
from his collection of sagas about Norwegian kings. Snorri was a poet and historian from Iceland
who had links to the Norwegian royal family. Sagas are collections of stories about heroes.
The weather was unusually sunny and hot, and the Norwegians had taken off their armour.
They saw a great army coming towards them under a cloud of dust from horses’ feet.
King Harold Godwinson had come to Stamford Bridge with a huge army made up of both
cavalry and infantry. The English King asked his men, ‘Who is that great man with noble
appearance and the beautiful helmet?’
‘That is the King of Norway himself,’ his men replied.
Now the battle began. The Norwegians bravely held back the attack from the English.
King Harald Hardrada rode out in front and chopped down Englishmen with both hands, and
neither helmet nor armour could stop him. The English very nearly took flight. But King Harald
was hit by an arrow in the neck, and he fell.
Interpretation C
An extract from a recent TV documentary called ‘Battlefield Britain’.
The Norwegians were in a disastrous position at Stamford Bridge. They were completely
unprepared and weren’t wearing any armour. Part of their army was lazing about in the sun on
the west side of the river. They had not been expecting the English to travel so fast.
Some Norwegians tried to resist but they were slaughtered without mercy. Panic‑stricken,
others frantically tried to escape over the small wooden bridge in a desperate attempt to join
up with the rest of their army on the other side of the river.
Both sides locked their shields together to form a defensive wall. But without their armour, the
Norwegians could not defend themselves against the English. English steel cut through the
Norwegians like knives through butter.
Harold Godwinson achieved an amazing military victory. The Norwegian leaders were killed
and their army destroyed.
© OCR 2024 J411/14 Jun24
Tuesday 4 June 2024 – Afternoon
GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project)
J411/14 Crime and Punishment, c.1250 to present with
The Norman Conquest, 1065–1087
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
* 2 3 4 4 0 6 7 5 2 5 *
You must have:
• the OCR 12‑page Answer Booklet
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Write your answer to each question in the Answer Booklet. The question numbers must
be clearly shown.
• Fill in the boxes on the front of the Answer Booklet.
• Section A – Crime and Punishment, c.1250 to present: Answer Questions 1 (a–c), 2, 3
and either Question 4 or Question 5.
• Section B – The Norman Conquest, 1065–1087: Answer Questions 6 (a–b) and 7, and
either Question 8 or Question 9.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 8 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
© OCR 2024 [601/8408/5] OCR is an exempt Charity
DC (KS) 344924 Turn over
, 2
Section A
Crime and Punishment, c.1250 to present
Answer Questions 1 (a–c), 2 and 3.
1
(a) Name one way criminals could avoid being executed in the medieval period (1250–1500). [1]
(b) Name one reason people made accusations of witchcraft in the early modern period (1500–1750).
[1]
(c) Name one development that improved policing in the second half of the 1800s. [1]
2 Write a clear and organised summary that analyses law enforcement between 1250 and 1750.
Support your summary with examples. [9]
3 Why did transportation to Australia become a common punishment in the period 1750–1900?
Explain your answer. [10]
Answer Question 4 or Question 5.
4* ‘By 1750, punishments for committing crimes were harsher than they had been in 1500.’
How far do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer. [18]
5* ‘The main reason crime changed between 1900 and c.2015 was the emergence of new
technology.’
How far do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer. [18]
© OCR 2024 J411/14 Jun24
, 3
Section B
The Norman Conquest, 1065–1087
Answer Questions 6 (a–b) and 7.
6
(a) In Interpretation A, the website portrays Anglo‑Saxon culture as spectacular.
Identify and explain one way in which it does this. [3]
Interpretation A
An extract from the website of the British Library. It is advertising a recent exhibition on
Anglo‑Saxon culture.
In this exhibition, the people of Anglo‑Saxon England tell their story.
Explore the beginnings of the English language and English literature. Come face‑to‑face
with manuscripts of Old English poetry and the first letter written in English. Marvel at the
humour and wisdom of the Anglo‑Saxons.
Encounter the Codex Amiatinus (a giant Bible made in Northumbria) and other church
manuscripts intricately decorated with rich colours and gold.
Discover finely crafted metalwork and sculpture, such as the stunning discoveries
unearthed in Suffolk and Staffordshire.
This is your opportunity to follow the journeys of these magnificent objects and
manuscripts.
(b) If you were asked to do further research on one aspect of Interpretation A, what would you
choose to investigate?
Explain how this would help us to analyse and understand the culture of late Anglo‑Saxon
England. [5]
© OCR 2024 J411/14 Jun24 Turn over
, 4
7 Interpretations B and C both focus on the Battle of Stamford Bridge.
How far do they differ and what might explain any differences? [12]
Interpretation B
An extract from ‘King Harald Hardrada’s Saga’, written in c.1230 by Snorri Sturluson, and taken
from his collection of sagas about Norwegian kings. Snorri was a poet and historian from Iceland
who had links to the Norwegian royal family. Sagas are collections of stories about heroes.
The weather was unusually sunny and hot, and the Norwegians had taken off their armour.
They saw a great army coming towards them under a cloud of dust from horses’ feet.
King Harold Godwinson had come to Stamford Bridge with a huge army made up of both
cavalry and infantry. The English King asked his men, ‘Who is that great man with noble
appearance and the beautiful helmet?’
‘That is the King of Norway himself,’ his men replied.
Now the battle began. The Norwegians bravely held back the attack from the English.
King Harald Hardrada rode out in front and chopped down Englishmen with both hands, and
neither helmet nor armour could stop him. The English very nearly took flight. But King Harald
was hit by an arrow in the neck, and he fell.
Interpretation C
An extract from a recent TV documentary called ‘Battlefield Britain’.
The Norwegians were in a disastrous position at Stamford Bridge. They were completely
unprepared and weren’t wearing any armour. Part of their army was lazing about in the sun on
the west side of the river. They had not been expecting the English to travel so fast.
Some Norwegians tried to resist but they were slaughtered without mercy. Panic‑stricken,
others frantically tried to escape over the small wooden bridge in a desperate attempt to join
up with the rest of their army on the other side of the river.
Both sides locked their shields together to form a defensive wall. But without their armour, the
Norwegians could not defend themselves against the English. English steel cut through the
Norwegians like knives through butter.
Harold Godwinson achieved an amazing military victory. The Norwegian leaders were killed
and their army destroyed.
© OCR 2024 J411/14 Jun24
