PSY 357 GCU Exam 2 Study Guide (Ch. 6,8,9,10,11)
What are Piaget's stages of cogni ve development?
Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preopera onal (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What is the concrete opera onal stage?
Can perform mental opera ons- ac ons that can be performed on objects or ideas to yield
consistent results.
Mental opera ons are limited to concrete problems in the here and now-can't deal well with
abstract or hypothe cal problems
Give an example of the concrete opera onal period.
a child unconsciously recognizing if nothing is added or taken away, the amount of something
will stay the same.
What is the formal opera onal stage?
· Can reason abstractly and hypothe cally
· Use deduc ve reasoning to draw logical conclusions from the facts
Engage in combinatorial reasoning to generate all the different ways a given number of items
can be arranged.
give an example of the formal opera onal period.
mixing clear liquids in various beaker through trial and error to iden fy which liquids produce
the color red
What are some cri cisms about Piaget's theory of Cogni ve Development?
· Piaget's theory underes mates cogni ve competence in infants and young children and
overes mates cogni ve competence in adolescents
· Piaget's theory is vague concerning processes and mechanisms of change
· Piaget's stage model does not account for variability in children's performance
· Piaget's theory undervalues the influence of the sociocultural environment on cogni ve
development
· He thought the older you get, the more intelligent you get but research proves him wrong. We
can increase our capacity, but not our intelligence.
, Understand how memory works (where things are stored) and who emphasizes changes in
memory efficiency
Working memory(WM)- temporary storage and use of informa on that one needs to perform a
task. Ex: looking up and dialing a new phone number. Anything you are learning for the first
me is stored here. If you choose to store it in long term to reuse later on a test, info will go
back into working memory while applying the memorized info on the test.
· Limited in capacity and how long it lasts
Long term memory(LTM): the storehouse for memory that is permanent and of unlimited
capacity
- Informa on is transferred into LTM, stored in it and retrieved from it when needed
7 to 8 year olds use less effec ve learning and memory strategies such as rehearsal
Older children use more effec ve learning and memory strategies, including taking
notes/keeping a calendar, organiza on(structuring new info into related categories), and
elabora on(making new info memorable by embellishing it)
Understand Gardener's theory of Mul ple Intelligences and know each intelligence in detail
1-3: linguis c, logical-mathema cal, spa al
4-9: musical, bodily-kinesthe c, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalis c, existen al
Linguis c- knowing the meanings of words, having the ability to use words to understand new
ideas, and using language to convey ideas to others
Logical-mathema cal- understanding rela ons that exist among objects, ac ons and ideas as
well as the logical or mathema cal opera ons that can be performed on them
Spa al- perceiving objects accurately and imagining in the mind's eye the appearance of an
object before and aDer it has been transformed
Musical-comprehending and producing sounds varying in pitch, rythym and emo onal tone
Bodily-kinesthe c-using one's body in highly differen ated ways as dancers, craDspeople and
athletes do
Interpersonal-iden fying different feelings, moods mo va ons and inten ons in others. How
am I feeling right now?
Intrapersonal-understanding one's emo ons and knowing one's strengths and weaknesses
What are Piaget's stages of cogni ve development?
Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preopera onal (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What is the concrete opera onal stage?
Can perform mental opera ons- ac ons that can be performed on objects or ideas to yield
consistent results.
Mental opera ons are limited to concrete problems in the here and now-can't deal well with
abstract or hypothe cal problems
Give an example of the concrete opera onal period.
a child unconsciously recognizing if nothing is added or taken away, the amount of something
will stay the same.
What is the formal opera onal stage?
· Can reason abstractly and hypothe cally
· Use deduc ve reasoning to draw logical conclusions from the facts
Engage in combinatorial reasoning to generate all the different ways a given number of items
can be arranged.
give an example of the formal opera onal period.
mixing clear liquids in various beaker through trial and error to iden fy which liquids produce
the color red
What are some cri cisms about Piaget's theory of Cogni ve Development?
· Piaget's theory underes mates cogni ve competence in infants and young children and
overes mates cogni ve competence in adolescents
· Piaget's theory is vague concerning processes and mechanisms of change
· Piaget's stage model does not account for variability in children's performance
· Piaget's theory undervalues the influence of the sociocultural environment on cogni ve
development
· He thought the older you get, the more intelligent you get but research proves him wrong. We
can increase our capacity, but not our intelligence.
, Understand how memory works (where things are stored) and who emphasizes changes in
memory efficiency
Working memory(WM)- temporary storage and use of informa on that one needs to perform a
task. Ex: looking up and dialing a new phone number. Anything you are learning for the first
me is stored here. If you choose to store it in long term to reuse later on a test, info will go
back into working memory while applying the memorized info on the test.
· Limited in capacity and how long it lasts
Long term memory(LTM): the storehouse for memory that is permanent and of unlimited
capacity
- Informa on is transferred into LTM, stored in it and retrieved from it when needed
7 to 8 year olds use less effec ve learning and memory strategies such as rehearsal
Older children use more effec ve learning and memory strategies, including taking
notes/keeping a calendar, organiza on(structuring new info into related categories), and
elabora on(making new info memorable by embellishing it)
Understand Gardener's theory of Mul ple Intelligences and know each intelligence in detail
1-3: linguis c, logical-mathema cal, spa al
4-9: musical, bodily-kinesthe c, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalis c, existen al
Linguis c- knowing the meanings of words, having the ability to use words to understand new
ideas, and using language to convey ideas to others
Logical-mathema cal- understanding rela ons that exist among objects, ac ons and ideas as
well as the logical or mathema cal opera ons that can be performed on them
Spa al- perceiving objects accurately and imagining in the mind's eye the appearance of an
object before and aDer it has been transformed
Musical-comprehending and producing sounds varying in pitch, rythym and emo onal tone
Bodily-kinesthe c-using one's body in highly differen ated ways as dancers, craDspeople and
athletes do
Interpersonal-iden fying different feelings, moods mo va ons and inten ons in others. How
am I feeling right now?
Intrapersonal-understanding one's emo ons and knowing one's strengths and weaknesses
