NSG 3280 Exam 1 Review | Questions and Answers + Rationales | Updated Summer 26.
1. A patient is diagnosed with a disease that occurred as an unintended consequence of a medical
treatment. How should the nurse classify this etiology? A. Idiopathic
B. Iatrogenic
C. Pathogenesis
D. Multifactorial
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iatrogenic refers to an etiology related to unintended or unwanted medical treatment
or medical errors
.
2. During which stage of a clinical course is a patient asymptomatic even though the disease
process is well established? A. Prodromal period
B. Manifest illness
C. Subclinical phase
D. Convalescence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the subclinical phase, the patient functions normally although the disease process is
well established
.
3. A nurse is conducting a blood pressure screening at a local health fair. This is an example of
which level of prevention? A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention involves early detection, screening, and management of a
disease
.
,4. Which term describes the development or evolution of a disease from the initial stimulus to the
ultimate manifestation? A. Etiology
B. Pathogenesis
C. Manifestations
D. Treatment implications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pathogenesis is the development or evolution of a disease and describes how etiologic
factors alter physiologic function
.
5. A patient reports feeling "nauseous and having a headache." These findings are classified as:
A. Signs
B. Symptoms
C. Syndromes
D. Latent findings
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms are subjective feelings of abnormality in the body, such as nausea or a
headache, whereas signs are objective observations
.
6. Which period is defined as the time between exposure to an injurious agent and the first
appearance of signs and symptoms? A. Prodromal period
B. Manifestation stage
C. Latent period
D. Silent period
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The latent period (or incubation period) is the time between exposure and the first
appearance of signs/symptoms
.
7. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is currently asymptomatic. This is an example of
which clinical course? A. Acute clinical course
, B. Subclinical
C. Prodromal
D. Exacerbation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CKD is cited as an example of a subclinical stage where the disease is in effect but the
individual is asymptomatic
.
8. What is the process of the brain orchestrating intricate regulatory processes like heart rate and
blood pressure to adapt to change? A. Homeostasis
B. Allostasis
C. Negative feedback
D. Etiology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allostasis is the dynamic process that maintains or re-establishes homeostasis despite
environmental and lifestyle changes
.
9. During the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), which stage involves the activation of the
"fight or flight" response? A. Resistance
B. Adaptation
C. Alarm
D. Exhaustion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The alarm stage involves the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the
release of catecholamines
.
10. Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid volume by promoting the
reabsorption of sodium and water during stress? A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
1. A patient is diagnosed with a disease that occurred as an unintended consequence of a medical
treatment. How should the nurse classify this etiology? A. Idiopathic
B. Iatrogenic
C. Pathogenesis
D. Multifactorial
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iatrogenic refers to an etiology related to unintended or unwanted medical treatment
or medical errors
.
2. During which stage of a clinical course is a patient asymptomatic even though the disease
process is well established? A. Prodromal period
B. Manifest illness
C. Subclinical phase
D. Convalescence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the subclinical phase, the patient functions normally although the disease process is
well established
.
3. A nurse is conducting a blood pressure screening at a local health fair. This is an example of
which level of prevention? A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention involves early detection, screening, and management of a
disease
.
,4. Which term describes the development or evolution of a disease from the initial stimulus to the
ultimate manifestation? A. Etiology
B. Pathogenesis
C. Manifestations
D. Treatment implications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pathogenesis is the development or evolution of a disease and describes how etiologic
factors alter physiologic function
.
5. A patient reports feeling "nauseous and having a headache." These findings are classified as:
A. Signs
B. Symptoms
C. Syndromes
D. Latent findings
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms are subjective feelings of abnormality in the body, such as nausea or a
headache, whereas signs are objective observations
.
6. Which period is defined as the time between exposure to an injurious agent and the first
appearance of signs and symptoms? A. Prodromal period
B. Manifestation stage
C. Latent period
D. Silent period
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The latent period (or incubation period) is the time between exposure and the first
appearance of signs/symptoms
.
7. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is currently asymptomatic. This is an example of
which clinical course? A. Acute clinical course
, B. Subclinical
C. Prodromal
D. Exacerbation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CKD is cited as an example of a subclinical stage where the disease is in effect but the
individual is asymptomatic
.
8. What is the process of the brain orchestrating intricate regulatory processes like heart rate and
blood pressure to adapt to change? A. Homeostasis
B. Allostasis
C. Negative feedback
D. Etiology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allostasis is the dynamic process that maintains or re-establishes homeostasis despite
environmental and lifestyle changes
.
9. During the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), which stage involves the activation of the
"fight or flight" response? A. Resistance
B. Adaptation
C. Alarm
D. Exhaustion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The alarm stage involves the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the
release of catecholamines
.
10. Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid volume by promoting the
reabsorption of sodium and water during stress? A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
