CHEM 210 Module 4 Biochemistry Exam: Carbohydrates, Glycolysis,
and Gluconeogenesis 2026/2027 UPDATE
1. Which of the following describes a monosaccharide with a ketone functional
group and five carbon atoms?
A. Ketopentose
B. Aldopentose
C. Ketohexose
D. Aldotetrose
Answer: A
Rationale: A monosaccharide with a ketone group is a ketose, and five carbons indicates a
pentose; thus, it is a ketopentose.
2. In the cyclic form of glucose, which carbon atom becomes the anomeric
carbon?
A. C-5
B. C-2
C-5. C-1
D. C-6
Answer: C-5
Rationale: For aldoses like glucose, the carbonyl carbon at C-1 becomes the chiral
anomeric carbon upon cyclization.
,3. What is the primary storage polysaccharide found in animals?
A. Amylose
B. Glycogen
C. Cellulose
D. Starch
Answer: B
Rationale: Glycogen is the highly branched glucose polymer used for energy storage in
animal liver and muscle tissues.
4. Which enzyme catalyzes the first irreversible step of glycolysis?
A. Phosphofructokinase-1
B. Hexokinase
C. Pyruvate Kinase
D. Phosphoglucose Isomerase
Answer: B
Rationale: Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate,
which is the first irreversible step.
5. During glycolysis, which reaction produces NADH?
A. Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate
B. Fructose-6-phosphate to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
C. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
D. Phosphoenolpyruvate to Pyruvate
Answer: C
Rationale: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reduces NAD+ to NADH while
oxidizing the substrate.
, 6. How many net ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose
through glycolysis?
A. 1
B. 32
C. 4
D. 2
Answer: D
Rationale: Glycolysis consumes 2 ATP and produces 4 ATP, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP.
7. Which enzyme in gluconeogenesis bypasses the hexokinase reaction of
glycolysis?
A. Pyruvate Carboxylase
B. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
C. Glucose-6-phosphatase
D. PEP Carboxykinase
Answer: C
Rationale: Glucose-6-phosphatase removes the phosphate from G6P to produce free
glucose, bypassing the hexokinase step.
8. Which of the following is a non-carbohydrate precursor for gluconeogenesis?
A. Acetyl-CoA
B. Sucrose
C. Palmitate
D. Lactate
Answer: D
Rationale: Lactate, glycerol, and certain amino acids (like alanine) can be converted into
glucose via gluconeogenesis.
and Gluconeogenesis 2026/2027 UPDATE
1. Which of the following describes a monosaccharide with a ketone functional
group and five carbon atoms?
A. Ketopentose
B. Aldopentose
C. Ketohexose
D. Aldotetrose
Answer: A
Rationale: A monosaccharide with a ketone group is a ketose, and five carbons indicates a
pentose; thus, it is a ketopentose.
2. In the cyclic form of glucose, which carbon atom becomes the anomeric
carbon?
A. C-5
B. C-2
C-5. C-1
D. C-6
Answer: C-5
Rationale: For aldoses like glucose, the carbonyl carbon at C-1 becomes the chiral
anomeric carbon upon cyclization.
,3. What is the primary storage polysaccharide found in animals?
A. Amylose
B. Glycogen
C. Cellulose
D. Starch
Answer: B
Rationale: Glycogen is the highly branched glucose polymer used for energy storage in
animal liver and muscle tissues.
4. Which enzyme catalyzes the first irreversible step of glycolysis?
A. Phosphofructokinase-1
B. Hexokinase
C. Pyruvate Kinase
D. Phosphoglucose Isomerase
Answer: B
Rationale: Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate,
which is the first irreversible step.
5. During glycolysis, which reaction produces NADH?
A. Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate
B. Fructose-6-phosphate to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
C. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
D. Phosphoenolpyruvate to Pyruvate
Answer: C
Rationale: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reduces NAD+ to NADH while
oxidizing the substrate.
, 6. How many net ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose
through glycolysis?
A. 1
B. 32
C. 4
D. 2
Answer: D
Rationale: Glycolysis consumes 2 ATP and produces 4 ATP, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP.
7. Which enzyme in gluconeogenesis bypasses the hexokinase reaction of
glycolysis?
A. Pyruvate Carboxylase
B. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
C. Glucose-6-phosphatase
D. PEP Carboxykinase
Answer: C
Rationale: Glucose-6-phosphatase removes the phosphate from G6P to produce free
glucose, bypassing the hexokinase step.
8. Which of the following is a non-carbohydrate precursor for gluconeogenesis?
A. Acetyl-CoA
B. Sucrose
C. Palmitate
D. Lactate
Answer: D
Rationale: Lactate, glycerol, and certain amino acids (like alanine) can be converted into
glucose via gluconeogenesis.
