BSN Anatomy and Physiology I Final Exam 2026/2027 UPDATE
1. Which of the following describes the anatomical position?
A. Standing erect with palms facing forward
B. Lying face down with arms at the sides
C. Sitting with feet flat on the floor
D. Lying face up with arms above the head
Answer: A
Rationale: The anatomical position is the standard reference point: standing upright, feet
flat, arms at sides, and palms facing forward.
2. Which feedback mechanism reduces the original stimulus to return the body
to homeostasis?
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
C. Neutral feedback
D. Reverse feedback
Answer: B
Rationale: Negative feedback mechanisms act to oppose the stimulus, bringing the
variable back toward the set point.
3. The heart is located in which specific body cavity?
A. Pleural cavity
B. Pericardial cavity
C. Pelvic cavity
D. Abdominal cavity
Answer: B
,Rationale: While the heart is in the thoracic cavity, the pericardial cavity specifically
surrounds the heart.
4. What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element?
A. Molecule
B. Cell
C. Atom
D. Neutron
Answer: C
Rationale: An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties
of that element.
5. Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between
atoms?
A. Covalent bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Ionic bond
D. Van der Waals bond
Answer: A
Rationale: Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share valence electrons to achieve
stability.
6. A solution with a pH of 3 is considered:
A. Basic
B. Weakly acidic
C. Neutral
D. Strongly acidic
Answer: D
Rationale: The pH scale ranges from 0-14; values below 7 are acidic, with 3 being
significantly acidic.
, 7. Which organelle is known as the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell because it produces
ATP?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondria
D. Lysosome
Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria perform aerobic cellular respiration to generate ATP, the cell’s
energy currency.
8. What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Regulating transport of materials
C. DNA storage
D. Waste digestion
Answer: B
Rationale: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, controlling what enters and
exits the cell.
9. During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up at the center of the
cell?
A. Prophase
B. Anaphase
C. Metaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C
Rationale: In metaphase, chromosomes align along the metaphase plate (the equator) of
the cell.
1. Which of the following describes the anatomical position?
A. Standing erect with palms facing forward
B. Lying face down with arms at the sides
C. Sitting with feet flat on the floor
D. Lying face up with arms above the head
Answer: A
Rationale: The anatomical position is the standard reference point: standing upright, feet
flat, arms at sides, and palms facing forward.
2. Which feedback mechanism reduces the original stimulus to return the body
to homeostasis?
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
C. Neutral feedback
D. Reverse feedback
Answer: B
Rationale: Negative feedback mechanisms act to oppose the stimulus, bringing the
variable back toward the set point.
3. The heart is located in which specific body cavity?
A. Pleural cavity
B. Pericardial cavity
C. Pelvic cavity
D. Abdominal cavity
Answer: B
,Rationale: While the heart is in the thoracic cavity, the pericardial cavity specifically
surrounds the heart.
4. What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element?
A. Molecule
B. Cell
C. Atom
D. Neutron
Answer: C
Rationale: An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties
of that element.
5. Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between
atoms?
A. Covalent bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Ionic bond
D. Van der Waals bond
Answer: A
Rationale: Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share valence electrons to achieve
stability.
6. A solution with a pH of 3 is considered:
A. Basic
B. Weakly acidic
C. Neutral
D. Strongly acidic
Answer: D
Rationale: The pH scale ranges from 0-14; values below 7 are acidic, with 3 being
significantly acidic.
, 7. Which organelle is known as the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell because it produces
ATP?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondria
D. Lysosome
Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria perform aerobic cellular respiration to generate ATP, the cell’s
energy currency.
8. What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Regulating transport of materials
C. DNA storage
D. Waste digestion
Answer: B
Rationale: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, controlling what enters and
exits the cell.
9. During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up at the center of the
cell?
A. Prophase
B. Anaphase
C. Metaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C
Rationale: In metaphase, chromosomes align along the metaphase plate (the equator) of
the cell.
