Page 1 of 67
PHYSICAL AGENTS FINAL EXAM REVIEW EXAM
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS NEWEST 2026
EXAM VERIFIED 100% VERIFIED GRADED A+
1. Which of the following are examples of measurements or calculations based
on EMG amplitude that a researcher or clinician might obtain and report?
Select all that apply
a. Median frequency
b. Peak
c. Average
d. Area
e. Time to peak
f. Contraction duration
g. Onset slope
b. Peak
c. Average
d. Area
e. Time to peak
g. Onset slope
2. A problem that can occur during EMG monitoring if the electrodes are too
large or positioned too far apart, or if there are many non-target muscles
packed closely near the target muscle in the receptive field of the sensors is:
a. Standing waves
b. Cross talk
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c. Normalization
d. Feedback
b. Cross talk
3. Which of the following are among what are considered to be benefits of
EMG use in the clinic? Select all that apply
a. EMG allows clinicians and patients to perceive muscle processes not
normally available
b. EMG can enable analysis that may help improve sport activities
c. EMG may help patients "find" and train muscles
d. EMG can assist in monitoring progress for muscle training programs
e. EMG may assist in clinical decision making related to surgery
a. EMG allows clinicians and patients to perceive muscle processes not normally
available
b. EMG can enable analysis that may help improve sport activities
c. EMG may help patients "find" and train muscles
d. EMG can assist in monitoring progress for muscle training programs
e. EMG may assist in clinical decision making related to surgery
4. The general type of EMG practiced by therapists during rehabilitation is
referred to as:
a. Biomechanical EMG
b. Integrated EMG
c. Kinesiological EMG
d. Neurological EMG
e. Functional EMG
c. Kinesiological EMG
5. Strategies that may effectively increase reception selectivity (avoid cross-
talk from non-target muscles) during EMG measurement might include: Select
all that apply
a. The use of small electrodes
b. Applying electrodes as close to the motor point as possible
c. A close spacing between electrode pairs
d. Closely clipping any hair from the area electrode application
e. Omitting a reference electrode
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a. The use of small electrodes
c. A close spacing between electrode pairs
6. Which of the following factors influence the detection of the EMG signal?
Select all that apply
a. Voltages produced by external sources such as room lighting
b. Movement of the muscles under the electrodes
c. Movement of the lead wires
d. Temperature of the tissues directly under the receiving electrodes
e. Cross talk
a. Voltages produced by external sources such as room lighting
b. Movement of the muscles under the electrodes
c. Movement of the lead wires
d. Temperature of the tissues directly under the receiving electrodes
e. Cross talk
7. Which of the following EMG variables is commonly used to identify muscle
fatigue?
a. Offset time
b. Area
c. Median frequency
d. Onset slope
c. Median frequency
8. Which of the following contribute to the motor unit action potential (MUAP)
acquired from a gastrocnemius muscle? Select all that apply
a. Voltages produced by the dendrite of the motor unit's alpha motor neuron
b. Voltages from all of the branches of the alpha motor neuron that supply the
motor unit
c. Voltages picked up from heart muscle contractions
d. Impedance signals from the skin and subcutaneous tissue
e. Voltages produced by the membranes of all the muscle fibers in the motor
unit
a. Voltages produced by the dendrite of the motor unit's alpha motor neuron
b. Voltages from all of the branches of the alpha motor neuron that supply the motor
unit
e. Voltages produced by the membranes of all the muscle fibers in the motor unit
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9. Normalization is: Select all that apply
a. A method of counteracting the influence of the detection condition on the
EMG signal amplitude
b. A maximum contraction of an individual muscle against a static resistance
c. One way of decreasing variability and thereby increasing statistical power
when trying to make quantitative comparisons among individuals or muscles
d. A good way of controlling for contraction differences that may occur as a
result of pain
e. Most commonly accomplished using an MVC
a. A method of counteracting the influence of the detection condition on the EMG
signal amplitude
c. One way of decreasing variability and thereby increasing statistical power when
trying to make quantitative comparisons among individuals or muscles
e. Most commonly accomplished using an MVC
10. The unprocessed (except for some minor filtering) sEMG signal that
detects the voltages from numerous motor unit action potentials (MUAPs)
during a muscle contraction is referred to as:
a. Integrated EMG
b. Raw EMG
c. Rectified EMG
d. Summated EMG
b. Raw EMG
11. A signal processing method by which negative EMG amplitude values are
converted to positive values (so that all EMG activity is portrayed on the same
side of the isoelectric line) is:
a. Low-pass filtering
b. Smoothing
c. Rectification
d. MVC
e. None of the above
c. Rectification
12. The preferred method of smoothing the EMG amplitude signal is:
a. Rectification
b. Root mean square (RMS)
PHYSICAL AGENTS FINAL EXAM REVIEW EXAM
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS NEWEST 2026
EXAM VERIFIED 100% VERIFIED GRADED A+
1. Which of the following are examples of measurements or calculations based
on EMG amplitude that a researcher or clinician might obtain and report?
Select all that apply
a. Median frequency
b. Peak
c. Average
d. Area
e. Time to peak
f. Contraction duration
g. Onset slope
b. Peak
c. Average
d. Area
e. Time to peak
g. Onset slope
2. A problem that can occur during EMG monitoring if the electrodes are too
large or positioned too far apart, or if there are many non-target muscles
packed closely near the target muscle in the receptive field of the sensors is:
a. Standing waves
b. Cross talk
, Page 2 of 67
c. Normalization
d. Feedback
b. Cross talk
3. Which of the following are among what are considered to be benefits of
EMG use in the clinic? Select all that apply
a. EMG allows clinicians and patients to perceive muscle processes not
normally available
b. EMG can enable analysis that may help improve sport activities
c. EMG may help patients "find" and train muscles
d. EMG can assist in monitoring progress for muscle training programs
e. EMG may assist in clinical decision making related to surgery
a. EMG allows clinicians and patients to perceive muscle processes not normally
available
b. EMG can enable analysis that may help improve sport activities
c. EMG may help patients "find" and train muscles
d. EMG can assist in monitoring progress for muscle training programs
e. EMG may assist in clinical decision making related to surgery
4. The general type of EMG practiced by therapists during rehabilitation is
referred to as:
a. Biomechanical EMG
b. Integrated EMG
c. Kinesiological EMG
d. Neurological EMG
e. Functional EMG
c. Kinesiological EMG
5. Strategies that may effectively increase reception selectivity (avoid cross-
talk from non-target muscles) during EMG measurement might include: Select
all that apply
a. The use of small electrodes
b. Applying electrodes as close to the motor point as possible
c. A close spacing between electrode pairs
d. Closely clipping any hair from the area electrode application
e. Omitting a reference electrode
, Page 3 of 67
a. The use of small electrodes
c. A close spacing between electrode pairs
6. Which of the following factors influence the detection of the EMG signal?
Select all that apply
a. Voltages produced by external sources such as room lighting
b. Movement of the muscles under the electrodes
c. Movement of the lead wires
d. Temperature of the tissues directly under the receiving electrodes
e. Cross talk
a. Voltages produced by external sources such as room lighting
b. Movement of the muscles under the electrodes
c. Movement of the lead wires
d. Temperature of the tissues directly under the receiving electrodes
e. Cross talk
7. Which of the following EMG variables is commonly used to identify muscle
fatigue?
a. Offset time
b. Area
c. Median frequency
d. Onset slope
c. Median frequency
8. Which of the following contribute to the motor unit action potential (MUAP)
acquired from a gastrocnemius muscle? Select all that apply
a. Voltages produced by the dendrite of the motor unit's alpha motor neuron
b. Voltages from all of the branches of the alpha motor neuron that supply the
motor unit
c. Voltages picked up from heart muscle contractions
d. Impedance signals from the skin and subcutaneous tissue
e. Voltages produced by the membranes of all the muscle fibers in the motor
unit
a. Voltages produced by the dendrite of the motor unit's alpha motor neuron
b. Voltages from all of the branches of the alpha motor neuron that supply the motor
unit
e. Voltages produced by the membranes of all the muscle fibers in the motor unit
, Page 4 of 67
9. Normalization is: Select all that apply
a. A method of counteracting the influence of the detection condition on the
EMG signal amplitude
b. A maximum contraction of an individual muscle against a static resistance
c. One way of decreasing variability and thereby increasing statistical power
when trying to make quantitative comparisons among individuals or muscles
d. A good way of controlling for contraction differences that may occur as a
result of pain
e. Most commonly accomplished using an MVC
a. A method of counteracting the influence of the detection condition on the EMG
signal amplitude
c. One way of decreasing variability and thereby increasing statistical power when
trying to make quantitative comparisons among individuals or muscles
e. Most commonly accomplished using an MVC
10. The unprocessed (except for some minor filtering) sEMG signal that
detects the voltages from numerous motor unit action potentials (MUAPs)
during a muscle contraction is referred to as:
a. Integrated EMG
b. Raw EMG
c. Rectified EMG
d. Summated EMG
b. Raw EMG
11. A signal processing method by which negative EMG amplitude values are
converted to positive values (so that all EMG activity is portrayed on the same
side of the isoelectric line) is:
a. Low-pass filtering
b. Smoothing
c. Rectification
d. MVC
e. None of the above
c. Rectification
12. The preferred method of smoothing the EMG amplitude signal is:
a. Rectification
b. Root mean square (RMS)
