WGU C955 Applied Probability and
Statistics Final Exam (Newest 2026/ 2027
Update) Questions and Verified Answers_
100% Correct_ Graded A+
Discrete data - ANSWER-Has distinct values, can be counted,
had unconnected points (think dots)
Continuous data - ANSWER-Has values within a range,
measured not counted, does not have gaps between data
points (data is connected lines or curves).
Example of discrete data - ANSWER-Days of the week
Expressions - ANSWER-A group of symbols such as numbers
and operators that has mathematical validity
Commutative - ANSWER-The order in which the numbers
appear in the sum can be reversed
Identity property - ANSWER-Adding 0 to any number does not
change the original number
Linear regression line - ANSWER-A line that fits the data as
close as possible, used to make predictions
,Interpolation - ANSWER-Making predictions *within* the range
of your data. This is usually accurate.
Extrapolation - ANSWER-Making predictions *outside* of the
range of your data. This is generally a bad idea.
Simpson's Paradox - ANSWER-When split up, each data set can
have a pattern which goes away when all the data is
combined.
Only way to prove causation - ANSWER-Experiments, because
they account for lurking variables
Observational study - ANSWER-A type of study where we
measure or survey members of a sample without trying to
affect them. Cannot prove causation.
Experimental study - ANSWER-A study where you split
subjects up randomly and impose a change on one group to
study the effect; can prove causation
Prospective study - ANSWER-Is a study that's done over time
to find results / A study watching for outcomes during the
study period
Retrospective study - ANSWER-A study that looks backwards
to assess outcomes and possible causes after the fact
, Control group - ANSWER-randomly assign people or things to
groups. One group receives a treatment and the other group
does not. This is the group that does not receive treatment
Placebo - ANSWER-A substance or procedure that has no
effect used for comparison to the real substance or procedure
Placebo effect - ANSWER-A beneficial effect produced by the
belief of the patient/subject, not by the intervention itself.
Experimenter effect - ANSWER-When the persons running an
experiment affects its results by influencing the subjects
inadvertently
Open question - ANSWER-A question that gives the responder
freedom to answer in many different ways -- harder to analyze
with statistics.
Closed question - ANSWER-A question with limited choices,
e.g. multiple choice or yes/no. Easier to analyze statistically.
Unbalanced response - ANSWER-Giving more options that are
negative than positive options (or vice versa) which biases the
responses towards the more common option
Matched pairs - ANSWER-Grouping two similar subjects and
giving different treatments/procedures to each in order to
compare the differences. For example, having one twin take a
Statistics Final Exam (Newest 2026/ 2027
Update) Questions and Verified Answers_
100% Correct_ Graded A+
Discrete data - ANSWER-Has distinct values, can be counted,
had unconnected points (think dots)
Continuous data - ANSWER-Has values within a range,
measured not counted, does not have gaps between data
points (data is connected lines or curves).
Example of discrete data - ANSWER-Days of the week
Expressions - ANSWER-A group of symbols such as numbers
and operators that has mathematical validity
Commutative - ANSWER-The order in which the numbers
appear in the sum can be reversed
Identity property - ANSWER-Adding 0 to any number does not
change the original number
Linear regression line - ANSWER-A line that fits the data as
close as possible, used to make predictions
,Interpolation - ANSWER-Making predictions *within* the range
of your data. This is usually accurate.
Extrapolation - ANSWER-Making predictions *outside* of the
range of your data. This is generally a bad idea.
Simpson's Paradox - ANSWER-When split up, each data set can
have a pattern which goes away when all the data is
combined.
Only way to prove causation - ANSWER-Experiments, because
they account for lurking variables
Observational study - ANSWER-A type of study where we
measure or survey members of a sample without trying to
affect them. Cannot prove causation.
Experimental study - ANSWER-A study where you split
subjects up randomly and impose a change on one group to
study the effect; can prove causation
Prospective study - ANSWER-Is a study that's done over time
to find results / A study watching for outcomes during the
study period
Retrospective study - ANSWER-A study that looks backwards
to assess outcomes and possible causes after the fact
, Control group - ANSWER-randomly assign people or things to
groups. One group receives a treatment and the other group
does not. This is the group that does not receive treatment
Placebo - ANSWER-A substance or procedure that has no
effect used for comparison to the real substance or procedure
Placebo effect - ANSWER-A beneficial effect produced by the
belief of the patient/subject, not by the intervention itself.
Experimenter effect - ANSWER-When the persons running an
experiment affects its results by influencing the subjects
inadvertently
Open question - ANSWER-A question that gives the responder
freedom to answer in many different ways -- harder to analyze
with statistics.
Closed question - ANSWER-A question with limited choices,
e.g. multiple choice or yes/no. Easier to analyze statistically.
Unbalanced response - ANSWER-Giving more options that are
negative than positive options (or vice versa) which biases the
responses towards the more common option
Matched pairs - ANSWER-Grouping two similar subjects and
giving different treatments/procedures to each in order to
compare the differences. For example, having one twin take a
