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Apuntes de Raíces cuadradas y Potencias

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Apuntes de Raíces Cuadradas y Potencias, para rellenar tu mismo.

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COLEGIO CERRADO DE CALDERÓN
DEPARTAMENTO DE MATEMÁTICAS Matemáticas 2º ESO (Curso 25-26)



TEMA 2: Potencias y Raíces


1. POTENCIAS DE NÚMEROS ENTEROS. PROPIEDADES.

1.1. Definición
Definición: una potencia es un producto de factores iguales. La base es el factor que se repite en el producto
y el exponente el número de veces que se repite la base en el producto.




Ejemplos:

a) (+2)2 =

b) (+2)3 =

c) (−2)4 =

d) (−2)3 =


Notas:
• Si una potencia tiene la base positiva, el resultado de la misma siempre es positivo.
Ejemplos: (+3)2 =

(+3)3 =


• Si una potencia tiene la base negativa, el resultado es positivo si el exponente es par y negativo si el
exponente es impar.
Ejemplos: (-3)2 =

(-3)3 =


• Es importante saber diferenciar cuándo la base de una potencia es positiva o negativa.
Ejemplos:
a) (-2)4 = c) –(-3)3 =
b) -24 = d) -33 =




1.2. Propiedades de las potencias para números enteros

P1. 𝑎 𝑚 ∙ 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑚+𝑛

P2. 𝑎 𝑚 : 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑚−𝑛
1

, COLEGIO CERRADO DE CALDERÓN
DEPARTAMENTO DE MATEMÁTICAS Matemáticas 2º ESO (Curso 25-26)

P3. (𝑎 𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑚∙𝑛

P4. 𝑎 0 = 1 si la base es distinta de cero.

P5. (𝑎 ∙ 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑛 ∙ 𝑏𝑛

P6. (𝑎: 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑛 : 𝑏𝑛

Observaciones:
a. Las propiedades de las potencias sólo se pueden aplicar si éstas se están multiplicando o dividiendo,
nunca si están sumando o restando.
Ejemplos:
a) 22 · 23 = c) 34 : 32 =

b) 22 + 23 = d) 34 – 32 =



b. Las propiedades de las potencias que se estén multiplicando o dividiendo sólo se pueden aplicar si
éstas tienen la misma base o el mismo exponente.
Ejemplos:
a) (-2)7 · (-2)3 =
b) (-2)3 · (3)3 =
c) 410 : 48 =
d) 1020 : 520 =



Más ejemplos (exprese como una única potencia de base positiva).

a) (+2)3  (+2)7 =

b) (−3)2  (−3)2 =

c) −4 (−4)2 =

d) (−5)20 : (−5)18 =

2
e) (−2)3  =


f) 24  27  210 =

g) 25  220 : 210 =

h) 104  34 =

i) 204 : 54 =

j) 82 : 23 =

2

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