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, Hypernatremia Quick Study Guide
What is Hypernatremia?
Hypernatremia occurs when the sodium level in the blood is too high, usually above 145 mEq/L.
This happens when the body loses more water than sodium, or when too much sodium is
consumed.
Think:
"More Salt, Less Water."
The higher the sodium level rises, the more water moves out of the body's cells and into the
bloodstream, causing cells to shrink.
Common Causes
Water Loss
• Excessive sweating
• Fever
• Severe diarrhea
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Diabetes insipidus
Sodium Gain
• Excess IV sodium solutions
• Tube feeding without enough water
• Excessive sodium intake
Signs and Symptoms
Brain and Nervous System
• Irritability
• Restlessness
• Confusion
• Muscle twitching
, Hypernatremia Quick Study Guide
What is Hypernatremia?
Hypernatremia occurs when the sodium level in the blood is too high, usually above 145 mEq/L.
This happens when the body loses more water than sodium, or when too much sodium is
consumed.
Think:
"More Salt, Less Water."
The higher the sodium level rises, the more water moves out of the body's cells and into the
bloodstream, causing cells to shrink.
Common Causes
Water Loss
• Excessive sweating
• Fever
• Severe diarrhea
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Diabetes insipidus
Sodium Gain
• Excess IV sodium solutions
• Tube feeding without enough water
• Excessive sodium intake
Signs and Symptoms
Brain and Nervous System
• Irritability
• Restlessness
• Confusion
• Muscle twitching
