PN 4006 Final Exam Review 2026 | High-Yield Questions &
Correct Answers | Graded A+
1. What is the primary purpose of surgical asepsis?
To eliminate all microorganisms from an area.
To reduce the number of microorganisms.
To protect against airborne pathogens.
To maintain a sterile environment.
2. A patient with an autoimmune disorder is prescribed prednisone. What
should the nurse monitor for as a potential side effect of this medication?
Decreased blood pressure
Improved wound healing
Increased risk of infection
Increased energy levels
3. If a patient with a condom catheter reports discomfort and there is no urine
drainage after 4 hours, what should be your next step?
Check for catheter obstruction or displacement.
Remove the condom catheter and apply a new one.
Document the situation and wait for another 4 hours.
Increase the patient's fluid intake immediately.
4. Describe the factors that influence the choice of needle size for
administering an oil-based medication intramuscularly.
The needle size is determined solely by the patient's age and weight.
, The choice of needle size for IM injections depends on the viscosity
of the medication, the patient's muscle mass, and the injection site.
The choice of needle size is based only on the type of medication
being administered.
Needle size is irrelevant as long as the medication is administered
correctly.
5. A physical therapist is working with a patient who has tuberculosis. Which of
the following options is BEST describes the appropriate PPE?
Contact precautions, Gloves and Gown
Airborne precautions, N-95 respirator
Airborne precautions, Gloves and Gown
Contact precautions, N-95 respirator
6. What is a common sign that indicates a patient may be experiencing
inadequate oxygenation?
Cyanosis
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Fever
7. Describe the role of HCO3- in maintaining acid-base balance in the body.
HCO3- is responsible for oxygen transport in the blood.
HCO3- is a waste product that needs to be eliminated.
HCO3- directly influences heart rate and blood pressure.
, HCO3- acts as a buffer to help maintain the pH balance in the
blood.
8. A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis.
During the initial assessment, the client complains of sudden shortness of
breath. The SaO2 is 87. The PRIORITY nursing assessment at this time is
bowel sounds
lung sounds
peripheral pulses
heart rate
9. Describe how decreased cardiac output relates to the condition of
cardiogenic shock.
Decreased cardiac output improves oxygen delivery to tissues.
Decreased cardiac output leads to inadequate tissue perfusion and
oxygen delivery.
Decreased cardiac output increases blood pressure and heart rate.
Decreased cardiac output has no significant impact on patient health.
10. What is the primary requirement to check before initiating continuous
bladder irrigation (CBI)?
Ensure the irrigation solution is sterile.
Ensure the patient has given consent.
Ensure the patient is hydrated.
Ensure the catheter is patent.
11. Normal pH for blood gas interpretation is:
, 7.45 - 7.55
7.25 - 7.35
7.35 - 7.45
12. What is the normal range in adult arterial blood lab measurements for PaO2
(partial pressure of oxygen)?
50 - 75 mm Hg
80 - 120 mm Hg
80 - 100 mm Hg
60 - 100 mm Hg
13. A patient with a right lower leg fracture will be discharged home with an
external fixation device in place. Which information will the nurse teach?
The fixator can be removed to shower
Prophylactic antibiotics are used until the external fixator is removed
The signs and symptoms of pin site infection
You will remain on bed rest until complete healing occurs
14. A client must receive a blood transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBCs)
for severe anemia. What I.V. fluid should the nurse use to prime the tubing
before hanging this blood product?
Normal saline solution as this is considered an isotonic solution
Lactated Ringer's solution as this is considered an isotonic solution
Dextrose 5% in water as this is considered an isotonic solution
Current guidelines suggest that no priming is needed since blood
products must be infused alone
Correct Answers | Graded A+
1. What is the primary purpose of surgical asepsis?
To eliminate all microorganisms from an area.
To reduce the number of microorganisms.
To protect against airborne pathogens.
To maintain a sterile environment.
2. A patient with an autoimmune disorder is prescribed prednisone. What
should the nurse monitor for as a potential side effect of this medication?
Decreased blood pressure
Improved wound healing
Increased risk of infection
Increased energy levels
3. If a patient with a condom catheter reports discomfort and there is no urine
drainage after 4 hours, what should be your next step?
Check for catheter obstruction or displacement.
Remove the condom catheter and apply a new one.
Document the situation and wait for another 4 hours.
Increase the patient's fluid intake immediately.
4. Describe the factors that influence the choice of needle size for
administering an oil-based medication intramuscularly.
The needle size is determined solely by the patient's age and weight.
, The choice of needle size for IM injections depends on the viscosity
of the medication, the patient's muscle mass, and the injection site.
The choice of needle size is based only on the type of medication
being administered.
Needle size is irrelevant as long as the medication is administered
correctly.
5. A physical therapist is working with a patient who has tuberculosis. Which of
the following options is BEST describes the appropriate PPE?
Contact precautions, Gloves and Gown
Airborne precautions, N-95 respirator
Airborne precautions, Gloves and Gown
Contact precautions, N-95 respirator
6. What is a common sign that indicates a patient may be experiencing
inadequate oxygenation?
Cyanosis
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Fever
7. Describe the role of HCO3- in maintaining acid-base balance in the body.
HCO3- is responsible for oxygen transport in the blood.
HCO3- is a waste product that needs to be eliminated.
HCO3- directly influences heart rate and blood pressure.
, HCO3- acts as a buffer to help maintain the pH balance in the
blood.
8. A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis.
During the initial assessment, the client complains of sudden shortness of
breath. The SaO2 is 87. The PRIORITY nursing assessment at this time is
bowel sounds
lung sounds
peripheral pulses
heart rate
9. Describe how decreased cardiac output relates to the condition of
cardiogenic shock.
Decreased cardiac output improves oxygen delivery to tissues.
Decreased cardiac output leads to inadequate tissue perfusion and
oxygen delivery.
Decreased cardiac output increases blood pressure and heart rate.
Decreased cardiac output has no significant impact on patient health.
10. What is the primary requirement to check before initiating continuous
bladder irrigation (CBI)?
Ensure the irrigation solution is sterile.
Ensure the patient has given consent.
Ensure the patient is hydrated.
Ensure the catheter is patent.
11. Normal pH for blood gas interpretation is:
, 7.45 - 7.55
7.25 - 7.35
7.35 - 7.45
12. What is the normal range in adult arterial blood lab measurements for PaO2
(partial pressure of oxygen)?
50 - 75 mm Hg
80 - 120 mm Hg
80 - 100 mm Hg
60 - 100 mm Hg
13. A patient with a right lower leg fracture will be discharged home with an
external fixation device in place. Which information will the nurse teach?
The fixator can be removed to shower
Prophylactic antibiotics are used until the external fixator is removed
The signs and symptoms of pin site infection
You will remain on bed rest until complete healing occurs
14. A client must receive a blood transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBCs)
for severe anemia. What I.V. fluid should the nurse use to prime the tubing
before hanging this blood product?
Normal saline solution as this is considered an isotonic solution
Lactated Ringer's solution as this is considered an isotonic solution
Dextrose 5% in water as this is considered an isotonic solution
Current guidelines suggest that no priming is needed since blood
products must be infused alone
