NR 293 Pharm Exam 1 Chamberlain
Questions and Verified Solutions.
Graded A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Risks for injury. ANSWER - know that anything can be a possible risk for patient injury
9 rights of medicine administration. ANSWER - right patient, right dose, right medication,
right time, right documentation, right route, right reason, right response
what is a prototype. ANSWER - the first drug of a class that all others are based from (ex-
morphine)
what is pharmacokinetics. ANSWER - what the body does to the drug
what is pharmacodynamics. ANSWER - what the drug does to the body
bioavailability. ANSWER - what portion of the drug that entered the circulation can have
an effect on the body
first pass effect. ANSWER - a drug enters the GI tract and is filtered to the liver where
some is destroyed
what enzymes work in the liver. ANSWER - P-450 enzymes
if a patient has cirrhosis of the liver, what will happen when they take a medication?.
ANSWER - When the medication passes through the liver for the first pass, there will be
less P-450 enzymes so the bioavailability of the medication will be higher and it will
circulate in the bloodstream longer.
half life. ANSWER - time required for 50% of the drug to be removed from the body
Pharmacotherapeutics. ANSWER - treatment of conditions
enteral route. ANSWER - through the GI tract
parenteral tract. ANSWER - outside the GI tract
,how is medication absorption different for neonates and children?. ANSWER - they have
less gastric acid to break down medications and availability is higher
why do more drugs enter neonate and children's brains, why are meds not as easily
excreted/destroyed by liver and kidneys ?. ANSWER - immature BBB, liver, and kidneys
Polypharmacy. ANSWER - The use of multiple medications on a regular basis
during which phase of the nursing process does a nurse prioritize the nursing diagnoses?.
ANSWER - planning
the nurse recognizes that drugs given by which route will be altered by the first pass effect?
a. oral
b. sublingual
c. subcutaneous
d. IV
e. rectal. ANSWER - oral and rectal
the nurse is reviewing a list of a patient's medications and notes one of the drugs has a low
therapeutic index. what does this mean?. ANSWER - the difference between a therapeutic
dose and a toxic dose are very close together
when drug A is an enzyme inhibitor of drug B, the nurse will anticipate what result of drug
B?. ANSWER - level of drug B could rise to toxicity
A drug is highly protein bound, what does this mean?. ANSWER - it will have a longer
duration of action
do no harm is what ethical principle?. ANSWER - nonmaleficence
Which legal act required drug manufacturers to establish the safety and efficacy of a new
drug before its approval for use?. ANSWER - Kefauver-Harris, amendment of 1962
over the counter drugs (otc) are. ANSWER - nonprescription drugs that are used for short
term treatment
what herbal supplement is used to promote sleep and relaxation, prolonged use can cause
yellow discoloration of nails, risk for liver toxicity. ANSWER - kava
herbal supplement used to decrease nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy.
ANSWER - ginkgo
which drug classes are used as OTC remedies ?
a. NSAIDs
b. cold remedies
, c. antibiotics
d.smoking deterrent drugs
e. antihypertensive drugs
f. histamine 2 (H2) blockers. ANSWER - A, B,D,F
what are side effects of NSAIDs?. ANSWER - stroke, MI, GI ulcers, kidney dysfunction
what do antibiotics do?. ANSWER - fight off infection caused by bacteria
Bacteriostatic. ANSWER - doesn't kill bacteria, it inhibits growth
bactericidal. ANSWER - kills bacteria
healthcare associated infections. ANSWER - are contracted in a hospital or institution
(>48 hours after admin) , are more difficult to treat, and are more virulent
antiseptics. ANSWER - are used for living tissue, inhibit growth of bacteria
disinfectants. ANSWER - used on nonliving tissue, destroy/kill organisms
what is a priority of the nurse to perform before beginning an antibiotic therapy?.
ANSWER - obtain a culture and sensitivity specimen
prophylactic therapy. ANSWER - preventative measure, antibiotics given before a
procedure to ensure that an infection will not start
empiric therapy. ANSWER - treatment of an infection before c+s information has been
obtained or reported
definitive therapy. ANSWER - treatment of a specific infection after receiving repot of c+s
what two classes of antibiotics are common for causing allergic reactions?. ANSWER -
penicillins and sulfonamides
if a person is allergic to penicillin, what other class of antibiotics should be looked into?.
ANSWER - cephalosporins
what is the main example of sulfonamides?. ANSWER - Bactrim
what must Bactrim be taken with?. ANSWER - 2000-3000 mL of H20/ day
what is the MOA of sulfonamides ?. ANSWER - bacteriostatic
Indications for sulfonamides. ANSWER - broad spectrum, gram + or -; UTIs
adverse effects of sulfonamides. ANSWER - SJS, photosensitivity
Questions and Verified Solutions.
Graded A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Risks for injury. ANSWER - know that anything can be a possible risk for patient injury
9 rights of medicine administration. ANSWER - right patient, right dose, right medication,
right time, right documentation, right route, right reason, right response
what is a prototype. ANSWER - the first drug of a class that all others are based from (ex-
morphine)
what is pharmacokinetics. ANSWER - what the body does to the drug
what is pharmacodynamics. ANSWER - what the drug does to the body
bioavailability. ANSWER - what portion of the drug that entered the circulation can have
an effect on the body
first pass effect. ANSWER - a drug enters the GI tract and is filtered to the liver where
some is destroyed
what enzymes work in the liver. ANSWER - P-450 enzymes
if a patient has cirrhosis of the liver, what will happen when they take a medication?.
ANSWER - When the medication passes through the liver for the first pass, there will be
less P-450 enzymes so the bioavailability of the medication will be higher and it will
circulate in the bloodstream longer.
half life. ANSWER - time required for 50% of the drug to be removed from the body
Pharmacotherapeutics. ANSWER - treatment of conditions
enteral route. ANSWER - through the GI tract
parenteral tract. ANSWER - outside the GI tract
,how is medication absorption different for neonates and children?. ANSWER - they have
less gastric acid to break down medications and availability is higher
why do more drugs enter neonate and children's brains, why are meds not as easily
excreted/destroyed by liver and kidneys ?. ANSWER - immature BBB, liver, and kidneys
Polypharmacy. ANSWER - The use of multiple medications on a regular basis
during which phase of the nursing process does a nurse prioritize the nursing diagnoses?.
ANSWER - planning
the nurse recognizes that drugs given by which route will be altered by the first pass effect?
a. oral
b. sublingual
c. subcutaneous
d. IV
e. rectal. ANSWER - oral and rectal
the nurse is reviewing a list of a patient's medications and notes one of the drugs has a low
therapeutic index. what does this mean?. ANSWER - the difference between a therapeutic
dose and a toxic dose are very close together
when drug A is an enzyme inhibitor of drug B, the nurse will anticipate what result of drug
B?. ANSWER - level of drug B could rise to toxicity
A drug is highly protein bound, what does this mean?. ANSWER - it will have a longer
duration of action
do no harm is what ethical principle?. ANSWER - nonmaleficence
Which legal act required drug manufacturers to establish the safety and efficacy of a new
drug before its approval for use?. ANSWER - Kefauver-Harris, amendment of 1962
over the counter drugs (otc) are. ANSWER - nonprescription drugs that are used for short
term treatment
what herbal supplement is used to promote sleep and relaxation, prolonged use can cause
yellow discoloration of nails, risk for liver toxicity. ANSWER - kava
herbal supplement used to decrease nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy.
ANSWER - ginkgo
which drug classes are used as OTC remedies ?
a. NSAIDs
b. cold remedies
, c. antibiotics
d.smoking deterrent drugs
e. antihypertensive drugs
f. histamine 2 (H2) blockers. ANSWER - A, B,D,F
what are side effects of NSAIDs?. ANSWER - stroke, MI, GI ulcers, kidney dysfunction
what do antibiotics do?. ANSWER - fight off infection caused by bacteria
Bacteriostatic. ANSWER - doesn't kill bacteria, it inhibits growth
bactericidal. ANSWER - kills bacteria
healthcare associated infections. ANSWER - are contracted in a hospital or institution
(>48 hours after admin) , are more difficult to treat, and are more virulent
antiseptics. ANSWER - are used for living tissue, inhibit growth of bacteria
disinfectants. ANSWER - used on nonliving tissue, destroy/kill organisms
what is a priority of the nurse to perform before beginning an antibiotic therapy?.
ANSWER - obtain a culture and sensitivity specimen
prophylactic therapy. ANSWER - preventative measure, antibiotics given before a
procedure to ensure that an infection will not start
empiric therapy. ANSWER - treatment of an infection before c+s information has been
obtained or reported
definitive therapy. ANSWER - treatment of a specific infection after receiving repot of c+s
what two classes of antibiotics are common for causing allergic reactions?. ANSWER -
penicillins and sulfonamides
if a person is allergic to penicillin, what other class of antibiotics should be looked into?.
ANSWER - cephalosporins
what is the main example of sulfonamides?. ANSWER - Bactrim
what must Bactrim be taken with?. ANSWER - 2000-3000 mL of H20/ day
what is the MOA of sulfonamides ?. ANSWER - bacteriostatic
Indications for sulfonamides. ANSWER - broad spectrum, gram + or -; UTIs
adverse effects of sulfonamides. ANSWER - SJS, photosensitivity
