BIO 1M03: Chapter 22 Final Test
Questions with Quality Answers 2026
Updated.
Key Attributes of Life - Answer populations of organism evolve, or change through time,
acquire and use energy, comprise cells, process information and replicate
Special Creation - Answer 1. All species are independent in the sense of being unrelated to
each other
2. Life on Earth is young-perhaps just 6000 years old
3. Species are immutable, or incapable of change.
scientific theory - Answer explain a broad class of observations and is supported widely by
evidence
Scientific Theories - Answer pattern & process
pattern: series of observations about natural world
process: mechanism that produces the pattern/set of observations
Scientific Revolution - Answer - overturns an existing idea about how nature works
- replaces it with a radically different idea
ex: newtons Law of motion/ einsteins theory of relativity/ Copernicus sun theory
What did Plato claim? - Answer That every organism was an example of a perfect essence
(created by God); types were essentially unchanging
What type of thinking was Plato's claims? - Answer typological thinking: (divine being creates
each type of organism)
What did Aristotle claim? - Answer He thought species were fixed types, were
organized/ordered into a sequence based on increasing size and complexity, humans were on
top with minerals and plants on bottom
What is the scale of nature ? - Answer Species could be organized by increasing complexity,
humans being on top. Was ordered by Aristotle into the linear great chain of being.
, What was the difference and similarity between Aristotle's idea and Plato's? - Answer Both
thought species were fixed types. Aristotle thought some species are more complex (more
higher) or better than others.
What was the first person to propose a formal theory of evolution? - Answer Lamarck in
1809. Darwin & Wallace weren't the first
What was Lamarck's theory? - Answer - simple organisms originate at bottom of scale by
spontaneous generation
- Thought that organisms evolve by moving up the chain (of being) over time
-producing larger/more complex/ better species over time
What new idea did Lamarck present? - Answer Inheritance of acquired character
What in inheritance of acquired characters? - Answer Idea that as individuals develop, their
phenotypes change in response to environmental challenges. Phenotypic changes are passed on
to offspring
Darwin's idea on evolution - Answer species are independent (unrelated), life on Earth is
young, species are immutable
What did Darwin and Wallace propose? - Answer Change in species is based on variation
among individuals in population. Individuals with certain traits produce more offspring than do
others without these traits
How did Darwin and Wallace define a population? - Answer A population consists of
individuals of the same species living in the same area
What type of thinking was Darwin and Wallace's theory? - Answer Population thinking NOT
typological thinking
population thinking - Answer variation among individuals in a population was the key to
understanding the nature of species
Why was the theory of evolution by natural selection (Darwin and Wallace's theory)
revolutionary? - Answer 1. It removed the idea that species are unchangeable/static
2. replaced typological thinking with population thinking
it was scientific (produced a mechanism and its predictions could be tested through
observations/experimentation. accounted for change over time)
Questions with Quality Answers 2026
Updated.
Key Attributes of Life - Answer populations of organism evolve, or change through time,
acquire and use energy, comprise cells, process information and replicate
Special Creation - Answer 1. All species are independent in the sense of being unrelated to
each other
2. Life on Earth is young-perhaps just 6000 years old
3. Species are immutable, or incapable of change.
scientific theory - Answer explain a broad class of observations and is supported widely by
evidence
Scientific Theories - Answer pattern & process
pattern: series of observations about natural world
process: mechanism that produces the pattern/set of observations
Scientific Revolution - Answer - overturns an existing idea about how nature works
- replaces it with a radically different idea
ex: newtons Law of motion/ einsteins theory of relativity/ Copernicus sun theory
What did Plato claim? - Answer That every organism was an example of a perfect essence
(created by God); types were essentially unchanging
What type of thinking was Plato's claims? - Answer typological thinking: (divine being creates
each type of organism)
What did Aristotle claim? - Answer He thought species were fixed types, were
organized/ordered into a sequence based on increasing size and complexity, humans were on
top with minerals and plants on bottom
What is the scale of nature ? - Answer Species could be organized by increasing complexity,
humans being on top. Was ordered by Aristotle into the linear great chain of being.
, What was the difference and similarity between Aristotle's idea and Plato's? - Answer Both
thought species were fixed types. Aristotle thought some species are more complex (more
higher) or better than others.
What was the first person to propose a formal theory of evolution? - Answer Lamarck in
1809. Darwin & Wallace weren't the first
What was Lamarck's theory? - Answer - simple organisms originate at bottom of scale by
spontaneous generation
- Thought that organisms evolve by moving up the chain (of being) over time
-producing larger/more complex/ better species over time
What new idea did Lamarck present? - Answer Inheritance of acquired character
What in inheritance of acquired characters? - Answer Idea that as individuals develop, their
phenotypes change in response to environmental challenges. Phenotypic changes are passed on
to offspring
Darwin's idea on evolution - Answer species are independent (unrelated), life on Earth is
young, species are immutable
What did Darwin and Wallace propose? - Answer Change in species is based on variation
among individuals in population. Individuals with certain traits produce more offspring than do
others without these traits
How did Darwin and Wallace define a population? - Answer A population consists of
individuals of the same species living in the same area
What type of thinking was Darwin and Wallace's theory? - Answer Population thinking NOT
typological thinking
population thinking - Answer variation among individuals in a population was the key to
understanding the nature of species
Why was the theory of evolution by natural selection (Darwin and Wallace's theory)
revolutionary? - Answer 1. It removed the idea that species are unchangeable/static
2. replaced typological thinking with population thinking
it was scientific (produced a mechanism and its predictions could be tested through
observations/experimentation. accounted for change over time)
