Gezondheidsrecht Samenvatting: Arts in de
Maatschappij II UGent Complete Final Exam Test
Bank (Questions & Answers) 2026
1.Which authority is legally responsible for issuing the visa required to practice medicine
in Belgium?
A. The Flemish Community (Vlaamse Gemeenschap)
B. The Federal Public Service Public Health (FPS Public Health)
C. The Order of Physicians (Orde der Artsen)
D. The National RIZIV/INAMI Commission
Answer: B
Rationale: The visa is a federal competence issued by the FPS Public Health. It acts as
a technical license certifying that the diploma is valid. Recognition (erkenning) as a
specialist or GP is a community competence.
Q2
What is the legal consequence if a person performs a medical act without holding a
valid visa?
A. A civil fine from the Order of Physicians
B. Strafrechtelijke vervolging (criminal prosecution) for illegal practice of
medicine
C. Automatic suspension of their academic diploma
D. A mandatory administrative warning from the RIZIV
Answer: B
Rationale: Under the WUG (Wet uitoefening gezondheidszorgberoepen), practicing
medicine without a visa constitutes a criminal offense (onwettige uitoefening van de
geneeskunde), punishable by imprisonment or criminal fines.
Q3
What does the concept of "diagnostisch monopolie" imply under Belgian health law?
A. Only university hospitals may diagnose rare genetic diseases.
B. Patients are legally bound to accept the first diagnosis given to them.
C. Only legally authorized practitioners (physicians) may autonomously establish
a medical diagnosis.
D. General practitioners have a monopoly over specialist physicians regarding primary
diagnoses.
Answer: C
Rationale: The WUG establishes a diagnostic and therapeutic monopoly for physicians.
Other healthcare professionals (like nurses or physiotherapists) cannot autonomously
diagnose medical conditions outside their strictly defined legal scopes.
Q4
,Under the Kwaliteitswet (Quality Act of 2019), what is the purpose of the mandatory
practitioner portfolio?
A. To track the financial billing and RIZIV certificates issued by the doctor
B. To demonstrate continuous training, technical skills, and maintenance of
professional competence
C. To register the names and clinical files of all treated patients
D. To list the professional insurance policies held by the physician
Answer: B
Rationale: The Quality Act requires all healthcare professionals to maintain a digital
portfolio. This portfolio proves they maintain their competence through continuous
professional development (bijscholing).
Q5
A physician refuses to prescribe a specific medication requested by a patient because it
lacks scientific backing for that condition. Which legal principle protects the doctor?
A. Professional secrecy
B. Therapeutic freedom / Professional autonomy
C. The duty of continuous care
D. The diagnostic monopoly
Answer: B
Rationale: Physicians possess therapeutic freedom (professionele autonomie). They
are never legally obliged to prescribe a treatment or medication that goes against
current scientific standards or their own professional judgment.
Q6
Which body is responsible for registering a physician on the "Tabel van de Orde" before
they can practice?
A. The Federal Commission for Patient Rights
B. The Provincial Council of the Order of Physicians (Provinciale Raad)
C. The National Council of the Order of Physicians (Nationale Raad)
D. The Visa Commission of the FPS Public Health
Answer: B
Rationale: A physician must be registered on the table of the Provincial Council of the
Order of Physicians where they establish their primary practice before they can lawfully
deliver medical care in Belgium.
Q7
What legal obligation does the Kwaliteitswet impose regarding continuity of care?
A. A doctor must remain available 24/7 for every patient they have ever seen.
B. A doctor must ensure or organize adequate backup cover when they are
unavailable.
C. Hospitalized patients must see the same physician every single day.
D. A doctor cannot retire without finding a personal successor for all patients.
, Answer: B
Rationale: The Quality Act explicitly anchors the duty of continuity of care. If a doctor
closes their clinic or goes on leave, they must arrange an organized system of
replacement (e.g., a call system or replacing colleague) so care is not abruptly severed.
Q8
What is the minimum language requirement for a healthcare practitioner under the
Quality Act?
A. Perfect bilingualism (Dutch and French) in all Belgian provinces
B. Fluency in English for scientific purposes
C. Sufficiency in at least one of the official national languages relevant to their
region to ensure safe patient communication
D. Proficiency in the native language of every patient registered in their practice
Answer: C
Rationale: The Quality Act states that a practitioner must master the official language of
the region where they practice sufficiently to communicate effectively and safely with
patients and colleagues.
Q9
Can a physician delegate a medical act to a nurse under Belgian law?
A. No, medical acts can never be delegated due to the diagnostic monopoly.
B. Yes, but only if the nurse acts completely independently without any written
guidelines.
C. Yes, provided it is a permitted delegated act, the nurse is competent, and
appropriate instructions/supervision are given.
D. Yes, and the physician is completely stripped of all legal liability once delegated.
Answer: C
Rationale: Physicians can delegate certain technical medical acts (B2-toevertrouwde
handelingen) to nurses under specific legal conditions, including clear standing orders,
verified competence, and availability for supervision.
Q10
Which of the following is true regarding "evidence-based medicine" (EBM) in the context
of the Quality Act?
A. EBM is a recommendation but carries no legal weight in liability cases.
B. Practitioners must deliver care matching the current state of science and
validated guidelines.
C. Following EBM perfectly immunizes a doctor against all forms of complaints.
D. Only guidelines published directly by the Belgian Royal Family constitute EBM.
Answer: B
Rationale: The Quality Act legalizes the obligation to practice according to the current
state of science (stand van de wetenschap). Straying significantly from validated
guidelines without medical justification constitutes a breach of quality standards.
Q11
Maatschappij II UGent Complete Final Exam Test
Bank (Questions & Answers) 2026
1.Which authority is legally responsible for issuing the visa required to practice medicine
in Belgium?
A. The Flemish Community (Vlaamse Gemeenschap)
B. The Federal Public Service Public Health (FPS Public Health)
C. The Order of Physicians (Orde der Artsen)
D. The National RIZIV/INAMI Commission
Answer: B
Rationale: The visa is a federal competence issued by the FPS Public Health. It acts as
a technical license certifying that the diploma is valid. Recognition (erkenning) as a
specialist or GP is a community competence.
Q2
What is the legal consequence if a person performs a medical act without holding a
valid visa?
A. A civil fine from the Order of Physicians
B. Strafrechtelijke vervolging (criminal prosecution) for illegal practice of
medicine
C. Automatic suspension of their academic diploma
D. A mandatory administrative warning from the RIZIV
Answer: B
Rationale: Under the WUG (Wet uitoefening gezondheidszorgberoepen), practicing
medicine without a visa constitutes a criminal offense (onwettige uitoefening van de
geneeskunde), punishable by imprisonment or criminal fines.
Q3
What does the concept of "diagnostisch monopolie" imply under Belgian health law?
A. Only university hospitals may diagnose rare genetic diseases.
B. Patients are legally bound to accept the first diagnosis given to them.
C. Only legally authorized practitioners (physicians) may autonomously establish
a medical diagnosis.
D. General practitioners have a monopoly over specialist physicians regarding primary
diagnoses.
Answer: C
Rationale: The WUG establishes a diagnostic and therapeutic monopoly for physicians.
Other healthcare professionals (like nurses or physiotherapists) cannot autonomously
diagnose medical conditions outside their strictly defined legal scopes.
Q4
,Under the Kwaliteitswet (Quality Act of 2019), what is the purpose of the mandatory
practitioner portfolio?
A. To track the financial billing and RIZIV certificates issued by the doctor
B. To demonstrate continuous training, technical skills, and maintenance of
professional competence
C. To register the names and clinical files of all treated patients
D. To list the professional insurance policies held by the physician
Answer: B
Rationale: The Quality Act requires all healthcare professionals to maintain a digital
portfolio. This portfolio proves they maintain their competence through continuous
professional development (bijscholing).
Q5
A physician refuses to prescribe a specific medication requested by a patient because it
lacks scientific backing for that condition. Which legal principle protects the doctor?
A. Professional secrecy
B. Therapeutic freedom / Professional autonomy
C. The duty of continuous care
D. The diagnostic monopoly
Answer: B
Rationale: Physicians possess therapeutic freedom (professionele autonomie). They
are never legally obliged to prescribe a treatment or medication that goes against
current scientific standards or their own professional judgment.
Q6
Which body is responsible for registering a physician on the "Tabel van de Orde" before
they can practice?
A. The Federal Commission for Patient Rights
B. The Provincial Council of the Order of Physicians (Provinciale Raad)
C. The National Council of the Order of Physicians (Nationale Raad)
D. The Visa Commission of the FPS Public Health
Answer: B
Rationale: A physician must be registered on the table of the Provincial Council of the
Order of Physicians where they establish their primary practice before they can lawfully
deliver medical care in Belgium.
Q7
What legal obligation does the Kwaliteitswet impose regarding continuity of care?
A. A doctor must remain available 24/7 for every patient they have ever seen.
B. A doctor must ensure or organize adequate backup cover when they are
unavailable.
C. Hospitalized patients must see the same physician every single day.
D. A doctor cannot retire without finding a personal successor for all patients.
, Answer: B
Rationale: The Quality Act explicitly anchors the duty of continuity of care. If a doctor
closes their clinic or goes on leave, they must arrange an organized system of
replacement (e.g., a call system or replacing colleague) so care is not abruptly severed.
Q8
What is the minimum language requirement for a healthcare practitioner under the
Quality Act?
A. Perfect bilingualism (Dutch and French) in all Belgian provinces
B. Fluency in English for scientific purposes
C. Sufficiency in at least one of the official national languages relevant to their
region to ensure safe patient communication
D. Proficiency in the native language of every patient registered in their practice
Answer: C
Rationale: The Quality Act states that a practitioner must master the official language of
the region where they practice sufficiently to communicate effectively and safely with
patients and colleagues.
Q9
Can a physician delegate a medical act to a nurse under Belgian law?
A. No, medical acts can never be delegated due to the diagnostic monopoly.
B. Yes, but only if the nurse acts completely independently without any written
guidelines.
C. Yes, provided it is a permitted delegated act, the nurse is competent, and
appropriate instructions/supervision are given.
D. Yes, and the physician is completely stripped of all legal liability once delegated.
Answer: C
Rationale: Physicians can delegate certain technical medical acts (B2-toevertrouwde
handelingen) to nurses under specific legal conditions, including clear standing orders,
verified competence, and availability for supervision.
Q10
Which of the following is true regarding "evidence-based medicine" (EBM) in the context
of the Quality Act?
A. EBM is a recommendation but carries no legal weight in liability cases.
B. Practitioners must deliver care matching the current state of science and
validated guidelines.
C. Following EBM perfectly immunizes a doctor against all forms of complaints.
D. Only guidelines published directly by the Belgian Royal Family constitute EBM.
Answer: B
Rationale: The Quality Act legalizes the obligation to practice according to the current
state of science (stand van de wetenschap). Straying significantly from validated
guidelines without medical justification constitutes a breach of quality standards.
Q11
