NR 508 EXAM 2 ACTUAL TEST PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ perfusion.
Answer: ability of cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood
to tissues and return deoxygenated blood to lungs
◉ pulmonary system.
Answer: lungs, airways, chest walls, blood vessels
◉ hypoxia.
Answer: low oxygen in tissues
◉ hypoxemia.
Answer: low oxygen in blood
◉ hypoventilation.
Answer: ventilation inadequate to meet oxygen needs or eliminate
enough CO2, caused by collapsed alveoli
◉ hyperventilation.
,Answer: increased respiratory rate which causes excess CO2
elimination, anxiety/infection/drugs/acid-base imbalance induce
hyperventilation
◉ conduction system.
Answer: sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His,
Purkinje fibers
◉ electrocardiogram (ECG).
Answer: ECG waveform (P wave, QRS complex, T wave)
◉ alterations of circulatory system.
Answer: decreased cardiac output (heart failure), myocardial
ischemia (myocardial infarction), impaired valvular function
(obstructed blood flow, regurgitation), left-sided heart failure
(decreased cardiac output, pulmonary congestion), right-sided heart
failure (distended jugular veins, peripheral edema), hypovolemia
(decreased circulating blood flow)
◉ sinus tachycardia.
Answer: regular rhythm, fast rate of 100-180 bpm
◉ sinus bradycardia.
Answer: regular rhythm, slow rate of <60 bpm
, ◉ atrial fibrillation.
Answer: irregular ventricular response, irregular cardiac rate of
rhythm, no identifiable P wave
◉ ventricular tachycardia.
Answer: slightly irregular rhythm with rate of 100-200 bpm, absent
P wave, wide and weird QRS complex
◉ ventricular fibrillation.
Answer: irregular and chaotic rhythm with no discernible
rate/waves, ventricular quivering, not pumping, immediate
resuscitation
◉ asystole.
Answer: absence of electrical activity, immediate resuscitation
◉ factors affecting oxygenation.
Answer: decreased oxygen carrying capacity (altered hemoglobin,
i.e. anemia), decreased inspired oxygen concentration (upper/lower
airway obstruction, decreased environmental oxygen-i.e. high
altitudes, decreased delivery of inspired oxygen), increased
metabolic rate (fever), conditions affecting chest wall movement
(musculoskeletal abnormalities, nervous system diseases, trauma)
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ perfusion.
Answer: ability of cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood
to tissues and return deoxygenated blood to lungs
◉ pulmonary system.
Answer: lungs, airways, chest walls, blood vessels
◉ hypoxia.
Answer: low oxygen in tissues
◉ hypoxemia.
Answer: low oxygen in blood
◉ hypoventilation.
Answer: ventilation inadequate to meet oxygen needs or eliminate
enough CO2, caused by collapsed alveoli
◉ hyperventilation.
,Answer: increased respiratory rate which causes excess CO2
elimination, anxiety/infection/drugs/acid-base imbalance induce
hyperventilation
◉ conduction system.
Answer: sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His,
Purkinje fibers
◉ electrocardiogram (ECG).
Answer: ECG waveform (P wave, QRS complex, T wave)
◉ alterations of circulatory system.
Answer: decreased cardiac output (heart failure), myocardial
ischemia (myocardial infarction), impaired valvular function
(obstructed blood flow, regurgitation), left-sided heart failure
(decreased cardiac output, pulmonary congestion), right-sided heart
failure (distended jugular veins, peripheral edema), hypovolemia
(decreased circulating blood flow)
◉ sinus tachycardia.
Answer: regular rhythm, fast rate of 100-180 bpm
◉ sinus bradycardia.
Answer: regular rhythm, slow rate of <60 bpm
, ◉ atrial fibrillation.
Answer: irregular ventricular response, irregular cardiac rate of
rhythm, no identifiable P wave
◉ ventricular tachycardia.
Answer: slightly irregular rhythm with rate of 100-200 bpm, absent
P wave, wide and weird QRS complex
◉ ventricular fibrillation.
Answer: irregular and chaotic rhythm with no discernible
rate/waves, ventricular quivering, not pumping, immediate
resuscitation
◉ asystole.
Answer: absence of electrical activity, immediate resuscitation
◉ factors affecting oxygenation.
Answer: decreased oxygen carrying capacity (altered hemoglobin,
i.e. anemia), decreased inspired oxygen concentration (upper/lower
airway obstruction, decreased environmental oxygen-i.e. high
altitudes, decreased delivery of inspired oxygen), increased
metabolic rate (fever), conditions affecting chest wall movement
(musculoskeletal abnormalities, nervous system diseases, trauma)
