COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE KEY PASSED
EXAM HIGH-YIELD TOPICS SUMMARY 2026
◉ Neuroplasticity.
Answer: Brain's ability to change synaptic connections
◉ Sensory Memory.
Answer: Brief storage of sensory info (milliseconds-seconds)
◉ Iconic Memory.
Answer: Visual sensory memory
◉ Echoic Memory.
Answer: Auditory sensory memory
◉ Short-Term Memory.
Answer: Temporary storage (15-30 seconds, ~7±2 items)
◉ Long-Term Memory.
Answer: Permanent storage (unlimited capacity)
,◉ Encoding.
Answer: Process of getting information into memory
◉ Storage.
Answer: Process of maintaining information
◉ Consolidation.
Answer: Process of stabilizing memory over time
◉ Retrieval.
Answer: Process of accessing stored memory
◉ Anterograde Amnesia.
Answer: Inability to form new memories
◉ Retrograde Amnesia.
Answer: Loss of past memories
◉ Primacy Effect.
Answer: Better recall of beginning of list (LTM)
◉ Recency Effect.
, Answer: Better recall of end of list (STM)
◉ Double Dissociation.
Answer: Evidence that two memory systems are separate
◉ Working Memory.
Answer: Active system that manipulates information
◉ Central Executive.
Answer: Controls attention in working memory
◉ Phonological Loop.
Answer: Holds verbal/auditory information
◉ Visuospatial Sketchpad.
Answer: Holds visual and spatial information
◉ Episodic Buffer.
Answer: Integrates information from different sources
◉ Declarative Memory.
Answer: Conscious memory of facts and events
EXAM HIGH-YIELD TOPICS SUMMARY 2026
◉ Neuroplasticity.
Answer: Brain's ability to change synaptic connections
◉ Sensory Memory.
Answer: Brief storage of sensory info (milliseconds-seconds)
◉ Iconic Memory.
Answer: Visual sensory memory
◉ Echoic Memory.
Answer: Auditory sensory memory
◉ Short-Term Memory.
Answer: Temporary storage (15-30 seconds, ~7±2 items)
◉ Long-Term Memory.
Answer: Permanent storage (unlimited capacity)
,◉ Encoding.
Answer: Process of getting information into memory
◉ Storage.
Answer: Process of maintaining information
◉ Consolidation.
Answer: Process of stabilizing memory over time
◉ Retrieval.
Answer: Process of accessing stored memory
◉ Anterograde Amnesia.
Answer: Inability to form new memories
◉ Retrograde Amnesia.
Answer: Loss of past memories
◉ Primacy Effect.
Answer: Better recall of beginning of list (LTM)
◉ Recency Effect.
, Answer: Better recall of end of list (STM)
◉ Double Dissociation.
Answer: Evidence that two memory systems are separate
◉ Working Memory.
Answer: Active system that manipulates information
◉ Central Executive.
Answer: Controls attention in working memory
◉ Phonological Loop.
Answer: Holds verbal/auditory information
◉ Visuospatial Sketchpad.
Answer: Holds visual and spatial information
◉ Episodic Buffer.
Answer: Integrates information from different sources
◉ Declarative Memory.
Answer: Conscious memory of facts and events
