NSG 3600 EXAM 4 EXAM | 2026 UPDATE | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - CORRECT ANSWER-a complication of diabetes that is caused by having too little insulin; also called hyperglycemia Diabetic Ketoacidosis S/S and DX - CORRECT ANSWER-- FRUITY ACETONE BREATH -signs of hyperglycemia - Kussumal breathing DX - blood glucose greater than 250mg/dl - sodium bicarbonate less than 18ml - ph greater than 7.34 -ketonuria Diabetic Ketoacidosis Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER-- K+ MONITORING -Insulin admin - Respiratory and neurologic assessment - Infection prevention Type 2 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER-insulin resistance Type 2 diabetes S/S and DX - CORRECT ANSWER-- OBESITY - Fatigue - Frequent infections DX - Greater than 95th percentage for age, sex, height - 2 additional risk factors: family, race, insulin resistance, gestational diabetes - HISPANICS HAVE A HIGHER RISK - notify pcp if Bs is above 240, high ketones and vomits more than once. Phenylketonuria (PKU) - CORRECT ANSWER-- Autosomal recessive gene which causes an inherited error in metabolism42 oaded_by - NO PREVENTION PKU S/S and DX - CORRECT ANSWER-- developmental delays - Seizures DX - Metabolic newborn screening PKU Intervention - CORRECT ANSWER-Eliminate proteins: chicken e.t.c Hypothyrodism - CORRECT ANSWER-decreased thyroid function Hypothyrodism S/S, Dx and TX - CORRECT ANSWER-- prolonged jaundice - hypotonia - brittle hair -mental retardation - decreased crying DX -Newborn screening - low T4 and high TSH levels TX -Levothyroxine: given to child by placing it on end of nipple tip when they're hungry so they take it. Hypothyrodism Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER-- detailed treatment plan -follow up labs:every 4-6 months during the 1st year and then every 2-4 months after Precious Puberty - CORRECT ANSWER-the very early onset and rapid progression of puberty Precious Puberty S/S , Dx and Tx - CORRECT ANSWER-- puberty symptoms: facial hair, breast buds, deeper voice, ruggae. DX -Blood test -CT/MRI TX - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Precious Puberty Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER-- NO PREVENTION - Avoid external estrogen/ testosterone -Growth charts, facilitating blood levels - Follow up with an endocrinologist TELL PARENTS TO FOLLOW CHRONOLOGICAL AGE NOT DEVELOPMENTAL Adverse Consequences of precious puberty - CORRECT ANSWER-- EARLIER SEXUAL ACTIVITY - Depression43 oaded_by - Body image -Substance abuse - Delayed body without equal brain development Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER-a deficiency of red blood cells - decreased RBC's = decreased O2 Anemia S/S, Dx AND Tx - CORRECT ANSWER-- Increased HR - SOB, Fatigue - Dizziness( so safety concern) DX - CBC: Hgb is the most important and Hct. TX - Iron-rich food: dark leafy greens, organ meat, and iron-fortified cereal. - Ferrous Sulfate: Give with a straw and black tarry stool - DON'T GIVE IRON MED WITH MILK Anemia interventions - CORRECT ANSWER-- Give meds with vitamin c - med can cause black starry stool and stain teeth -quiet play and frequent rest periods ADHD S/S - CORRECT ANSWER-- Hyperactivity -Impulsivity -Interrupting - Forgetful -Inattention ADHD Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER-- Smaller classes and stimulation - Counseling fo family -Medications, First signs program: 6 symptoms for 6 months Down Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER-- an extra copy of chromosome 21. - Trisonmy 21 Down Syndrome S/S and DX - CORRECT ANSWER-- Low set ears -Simian crease in the palm - slanting eyes with thick epicanthal folds - Protruding tongue DX - Chromosomal blood test Down Syndrome Intervention - CORRECT ANSWER-- Consult with OT,PL,SLP -Help parents cope with disorder - Early interventions44 oaded_by Autism - CORRECT ANSWER-A developmental disorder marked by disabilities in language, social interaction, and the ability to understand another person's state of mind. Autism S/S and Dx - CORRECT ANSWER-- Poor communication - Lack of speech - They don't like to be touched -Hard flapping DX - through signs and symptoms