Written by students who passed Immediately available after payment Read online or as PDF Wrong document? Swap it for free 4.6 TrustPilot
logo-home
Document preview thumbnail
Preview 4 out of 41 pages
Summary

Samenvatting Hersenen en Gedrag | bachelor + pre-maste; (forensische) orthopedagogiek| UvA | 2025/26

Document preview thumbnail
Preview 4 out of 41 pages

Samenvatting van Hersenen en Gedrag (pre-master forensiche orthopedagogiek/orthopedagogiek). Alle behandelde stof, ondersteund met overzichtelijke plaatjes. Ingewikkelde processen worden uitgelegd a.d.h.v. voorbeelden.

Content preview

,Inhoudsopgave
CELLEN EN INFORMATIEOVERDRACHT .......................................................................................... 4
1.1 HERSENCELLEN .............................................................................................................................4
1.1.1 Neuronen ...........................................................................................................................4
1.1.2 Gliacellen ...........................................................................................................................5
1.2 HET BREIN EN ZIJN OMGEVING ............................................................................................................6
1.2.1 Informatieverwerking ...........................................................................................................6
1.2.2 Bloed-hersenbarrière ..........................................................................................................6
1.3 ELEKTRISCHE PRIKKELS – IN DE CEL .....................................................................................................7
1.3.1 Rustpotentiaal ....................................................................................................................7
1.3.2 Actiepotentiaal....................................................................................................................7
1.3.3 Gradueel potentiaal – EPSP & IPSP .......................................................................................8
1.4 CHEMISCHE PRIKKELS – TUSSEN CELLEN...............................................................................................9
1.4.1 Neurotransmitters ...............................................................................................................9
1.5 BEÏNVLOEDEN VAN COMMUNICATIE TUSSEN CELLEN .............................................................................. 10
1.5.1 Vreemde stoffen ................................................................................................................ 10
1.5.2 Verslavende stoffen ........................................................................................................... 11
HERSENSTRUCTUUR EN HERSENFUNCTIES .................................................................................13
2.1 HET ZENUWSTELSEL ...................................................................................................................... 13
2.2 ANATOMISCHE BEGRIPPEN .............................................................................................................. 13
2.2.1 Hersenvliezen ................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.2 Ventrikels ......................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.3 Ruggenmerg...................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.4 Craniale zenuwen ............................................................................................................. 14
2.3 INDELING HERSENEN ..................................................................................................................... 16
2.3.1 Achterhersenen ................................................................................................................ 16
2.3.2 Middenhersenen ............................................................................................................... 16
2.3.3 Voorhersenen ................................................................................................................... 16
ZINTUIGEN ..................................................................................................................................19
3.1 VERSCHILLENDE ZINTUIGEN ............................................................................................................ 19
3.2 VAN DE BUITENWERELD NAAR DE CORTEX............................................................................................ 19
3.2.1 Transductie in de Retina (visueel systeem) .......................................................................... 19
3.2.2 Transductie in het slakkenhuis (auditief systeem) ................................................................ 20
3.3 VAN ACTIEPOTENTIAAL NAAR BETEKENIS ............................................................................................. 20
3.4 VAN DETAIL NAAR GLOBAAL ............................................................................................................. 20
3.4.1 Visueel ............................................................................................................................. 20
3.4.2 Auditief ............................................................................................................................. 21
3.5 RECEPTIEVE VELDEN ..................................................................................................................... 21
3.6 TOPOGRAFIE ............................................................................................................................... 21
3.6.1 Visueel: retinotopische verwerking (retinotopie) .................................................................. 21
3.6.2 Auditief: tonotopische verwerking (tonotopie) ..................................................................... 21
3.6.3 Tast: corticale homunculus................................................................................................ 21
MOTORIEK...................................................................................................................................23
4.1 VAN GLOBAAL NAAR DETAIL (EFFERENT) .............................................................................................. 23
4.2 TOPOGRAFIE ............................................................................................................................... 23
4.3 BEWEGINGSSYSTEMEN .................................................................................................................. 23
4.3.1 Pyramidaal motorsysteem ................................................................................................. 23
4.3.2 Extrapyramidaal motorsysteem.......................................................................................... 23
EMOTIE .......................................................................................................................................25
5.1 KENMERKEN................................................................................................................................ 25
5.2 LIMBISCH SYSTEEM ....................................................................................................................... 25



2

, 5.2.1 Emotie input ..................................................................................................................... 25
5.2.2 Emotie Output ................................................................................................................... 25
5.3 AMYGDALA ................................................................................................................................. 26
5.3.1 Visuele input ..................................................................................................................... 26
5.3.2 Visuele output ................................................................................................................... 26
5.4 AANLEREN VAN ANGST ................................................................................................................... 26
5.5 EMOTIES IN DE CORTEX .................................................................................................................. 27
GEHEUGEN .................................................................................................................................28
6.1 SOORTEN GEHEUGEN .................................................................................................................... 28
6.2 STAPPEN .................................................................................................................................... 28
6.3 SUBCORTICAAL ............................................................................................................................ 28
6.3.1 Hippocampus ................................................................................................................... 28
6.3.2 Basale ganglia ................................................................................................................... 29
6.4 CORTICAAL ................................................................................................................................. 29
TAAL EN LATERALISATIE ...............................................................................................................30
7.1 BROCA’S AFASIE .......................................................................................................................... 30
7.2 WERNICKE’S AFASIE ...................................................................................................................... 30
7.3 LATERALISATIE ............................................................................................................................. 30
7.3.1 Split-brain patiënten .......................................................................................................... 30
7.4 COMBINATIE VAN ALLE GEBIEDEN...................................................................................................... 31
AANDACHT .................................................................................................................................32
8.1 SOORTEN AANDACHT .................................................................................................................... 32
8.2 AANDACHT IN DE HERSENEN ........................................................................................................... 33
8.2.1 Hoe wordt aandacht gestuurd? .......................................................................................... 33
ONTWIKKELING ...........................................................................................................................34
9.1 PRENATALE ONTWIKKELING VAN HET CENTRALE ZENUWSTELSEL ................................................................ 34
9.1.1 Spina bifida ....................................................................................................................... 34
9.2 ONTWIKKELING VAN DE NEURONEN ................................................................................................... 35
9.2.1 Ontwikkelingsfasen ........................................................................................................... 35
9.3 SELECTIEVE ELIMINATIE VAN SYNAPSEN .............................................................................................. 36
9.4 ONTWIKKELING VAN DE CORTEX ....................................................................................................... 37
PLASTICITEIT ...............................................................................................................................38
10.1 CORTICALE REORGANISATIE .......................................................................................................... 38
TERATOGENEN ............................................................................................................................39
11.1 SOORTEN TERATOGENEN .............................................................................................................. 39




3

, Cellen en informatieoverdracht
De hersenen communiceren via het lichaam met de omgeving.
1. Input – informatie komt binnen
2. Verwerking – in het brein
3. Output – reactie
• Voorbeeld: je ziet een opstapje (zintuigen; input) – dit wordt gecommuniceerd
naar je benen (motoriek; output) die een iets grotere stap zet (output).
Hersencellen communiceren met elkaar via ‘tussenstations’.

1.1 Hersencellen
Er zijn twee soorten cellen; neuronen en gliacellen.

1.1.1 Neuronen
= zenuwcel
Een neuron is een gewone lichaamscel met één specifieke taak: communicatie.
Lichaamscellen hebben de volgende kenmerken:
• Celmembraan met kanaaltjes/poriën
o Beschermd de inhoud van de cel
o Via de kanaaltjes/poriën kunnen stoffen worden uitgewisseld.
• Celkern
o Hier ligt het genetische materiaal (DNA)
• Mitochondriën
o Energievoorziening, glucose wordt verbrand en omgezet in energie.
o Neuronen hebben veel energie nodig om informatie door te geven.
• Ribosomen
o Maken eiwitten aan voor opbouw en herstel van cellen; ‘bouwstoffen’.
Onderdelen van een neuron
1. Dendrieten
• Ontvangen informatie van
andere neuronen via de
tentakelvormige uitsteeksels
(‘input’).
2. Soma/cellichaam
• Integreert de informatie die
binnenkomt via de dendrieten
(‘putput’)
3. Axonen
• Vervoeren zenuwimpulsen
(‘throughput’).
• 1 per cel, kunnen heel lang
zijn.
4. Presynaptische terminal
• Axonale eindknopjes; vertakking van axonen.
• Geeft informatie af aan een volgende cel (‘output’).




4

Document information

Study
Uploaded on
May 28, 2026
Number of pages
41
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Summary
$18.96

Wrong document? Swap it for free Within 14 days of purchase and before downloading, you can choose a different document. You can simply spend the amount again.
Written by students who passed
Immediately available after payment
Read online or as PDF

Sold
3
Followers
0
Items
7
Last sold
1 month ago


Why students choose Stuvia

Created by fellow students, verified by reviews

Quality you can trust: written by students who passed their tests and reviewed by others who've used these notes.

Didn't get what you expected? Choose another document

No worries! You can instantly pick a different document that better fits what you're looking for.

Pay as you like, start learning right away

No subscription, no commitments. Pay the way you're used to via credit card and download your PDF document instantly.

Student with book image

“Bought, downloaded, and aced it. It really can be that simple.”

Alisha Student

Working on your references?

Create accurate citations in APA, MLA and Harvard with our free citation generator.

Working on your references?

Frequently asked questions