Matching questions
1-62 of 62
Click a definition to match it with a term
Define arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis
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Arteriosclerosis: diffuse process whereby the muscles fibers and the
endothelial lining of the walls of small arteries and arterioles thicken
(hardening of the arteries)
Atherosclerosis: inflammatory process involving the accumulation o lipids,
calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue on the
intimal layer of a large or medium sized artery
Mitral valve prolapse - pathophysiology and risk factors
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, A valve deformity where a portion of one or both mitral valve leaflets
balloons back into the atrium during systole. Rarely, ballooning stretches
the leaflet to the point that the valve does not remain closed during
systole. If so, blood then regurgitates from the left ventricle back into the
left atrium. Although uncommon, mitral valve prolapse can result in mitral
regurgitation, which can cause heart enlargement, a-fib, pulmonary
hypertension or heart failure.
Risks/cause:
-Age (50 or older)
-Men
-Marfan (an inherited disorder that affects connective tissue) syndrome
-Muscular dystrophy
-Graves' disease
-Scoliosis
-May be inherited connective tissue disorder resulting in enlargement of
one or both of the mitral valve leaflets
Mitral valve prolapse - assessment and diagnostic findings
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Generally, the first and only sign of mitral valve prolapse is an extra heart
sound, referred to as a mitral click
a murmur of mitral regurgitation may be heard if the valve opens during
systole and blood flows back into the left atrium. this can lead to heart
failure
Echocardiogram(doppler echocardiography) is used to diagnose and
monitor progression of mitral valve prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse - clinical manifestations
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, -usually asymptomatic
-a few people have reported fatigue, shortness of breath, lightheadedness,
dizziness, syncope, palpations, chest pain, or anxiety
Negative consequences to poor perfusion?
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-ischemic pain -> tissue necrosis
-decreased organ function -> death
-compartment syndrome
-loss of fine tactile function
-fainting or confusion
Mitral valve prolapse - patient education
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Education:
-To minimize symptoms, nurse instructs patient to avoid caffeine and
alcohol.
-Diet, activity, sleep, and other lifestyle factors that may correlate with
symptoms.
What are the antecedents to adequate perfusion?
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1. Functioning Cardiopulmonary System
2. Adequate Fluid Volume
, 3. Free from clots and Atherosclerotic Blocks
Congestive Heart failure - assessment and diagnostics findings
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Severity of heart failure determined by symptoms
-class I - No limitation of physical activity,
Ordinary activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea.
-class II - Slight limitation of physical activity,
Comfortable at rest, but ordinary physical activity causes fatigue,
palpitation, or dyspnea.
-class III - Marked limitation of physical activity,
Comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary activity causes fatigue,
palpitation, or dyspnea.
-class IV - Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort,
Symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest, If any physical activity is
undertaken, discomfort is increased.
Diagnostic workup
-echocardiogram completed to determine ejection fraction, to identify
anatomic and structural abnormalities, and valve malfunction
-12 lead EKG - to determine arrhythmias
-Chest X-ray, Nuclear Stress Test and Labs (BNP, CBC, Chemistry)
completed to determine cause of heart failure
-Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test is a blood test that measures levels of a
protein called BNP that is made by the heart and blood vessels. The BNP
level is a key diagnostic indicator for HF; high levels are a sign of high
cardiac filling pressure and can aid in both the diagnosis and management
of HF. BNP levels are higher than normal when you have heart failure.
Peripheral artery disease - assessment and diagnostic findings
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1-62 of 62
Click a definition to match it with a term
Define arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis
Give this one a try later!
Arteriosclerosis: diffuse process whereby the muscles fibers and the
endothelial lining of the walls of small arteries and arterioles thicken
(hardening of the arteries)
Atherosclerosis: inflammatory process involving the accumulation o lipids,
calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue on the
intimal layer of a large or medium sized artery
Mitral valve prolapse - pathophysiology and risk factors
Give this one a try later!
, A valve deformity where a portion of one or both mitral valve leaflets
balloons back into the atrium during systole. Rarely, ballooning stretches
the leaflet to the point that the valve does not remain closed during
systole. If so, blood then regurgitates from the left ventricle back into the
left atrium. Although uncommon, mitral valve prolapse can result in mitral
regurgitation, which can cause heart enlargement, a-fib, pulmonary
hypertension or heart failure.
Risks/cause:
-Age (50 or older)
-Men
-Marfan (an inherited disorder that affects connective tissue) syndrome
-Muscular dystrophy
-Graves' disease
-Scoliosis
-May be inherited connective tissue disorder resulting in enlargement of
one or both of the mitral valve leaflets
Mitral valve prolapse - assessment and diagnostic findings
Give this one a try later!
Generally, the first and only sign of mitral valve prolapse is an extra heart
sound, referred to as a mitral click
a murmur of mitral regurgitation may be heard if the valve opens during
systole and blood flows back into the left atrium. this can lead to heart
failure
Echocardiogram(doppler echocardiography) is used to diagnose and
monitor progression of mitral valve prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse - clinical manifestations
Give this one a try later!
, -usually asymptomatic
-a few people have reported fatigue, shortness of breath, lightheadedness,
dizziness, syncope, palpations, chest pain, or anxiety
Negative consequences to poor perfusion?
Give this one a try later!
-ischemic pain -> tissue necrosis
-decreased organ function -> death
-compartment syndrome
-loss of fine tactile function
-fainting or confusion
Mitral valve prolapse - patient education
Give this one a try later!
Education:
-To minimize symptoms, nurse instructs patient to avoid caffeine and
alcohol.
-Diet, activity, sleep, and other lifestyle factors that may correlate with
symptoms.
What are the antecedents to adequate perfusion?
Give this one a try later!
1. Functioning Cardiopulmonary System
2. Adequate Fluid Volume
, 3. Free from clots and Atherosclerotic Blocks
Congestive Heart failure - assessment and diagnostics findings
Give this one a try later!
Severity of heart failure determined by symptoms
-class I - No limitation of physical activity,
Ordinary activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea.
-class II - Slight limitation of physical activity,
Comfortable at rest, but ordinary physical activity causes fatigue,
palpitation, or dyspnea.
-class III - Marked limitation of physical activity,
Comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary activity causes fatigue,
palpitation, or dyspnea.
-class IV - Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort,
Symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest, If any physical activity is
undertaken, discomfort is increased.
Diagnostic workup
-echocardiogram completed to determine ejection fraction, to identify
anatomic and structural abnormalities, and valve malfunction
-12 lead EKG - to determine arrhythmias
-Chest X-ray, Nuclear Stress Test and Labs (BNP, CBC, Chemistry)
completed to determine cause of heart failure
-Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test is a blood test that measures levels of a
protein called BNP that is made by the heart and blood vessels. The BNP
level is a key diagnostic indicator for HF; high levels are a sign of high
cardiac filling pressure and can aid in both the diagnosis and management
of HF. BNP levels are higher than normal when you have heart failure.
Peripheral artery disease - assessment and diagnostic findings
Give this one a try later!
