Test Bank - Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition (Turgeon, 2022), Chapter 1-27 | All Chapters

,TEST BANK FOR
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Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
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Chapter 1-27 m




Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
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MULTIPLE CHOICE m




1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
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a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.

ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I m m




2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
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a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. m




ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
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powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I m m




3. A m specific function of the immune system is to
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a. recognize self from nonself. m m m



b. defend the body against nonself. m m m m



c. amplify specific functions. m m



d. Both A and B. m m m




ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body
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against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also
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mhas nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific
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mcomponents of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear
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leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I m m




4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
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a. natural resistance. m



b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. m m m m

, c. an autoimmune disorder.
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d. recovery from infectious disease. m m m




ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
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m resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can
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m cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy,
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mrejection of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I m m




5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
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a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. m m m




ANS: D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed
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m elements, with the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability,
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mand cooperation among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are
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m characteristics of lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune
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m system demonstrate mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific cellular components of
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mthe immune system can replicate. Cooperation is required for optimal functioning, and
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m interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell products, and nonlymphoid
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m elements.

DIF: Cognitive Level: I m m




6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the m m m m m m m



a. immediate hours after conception m m m



b. second month of gestation. m m m



c. second trimester of gestation. m m m



d. periods of severe anemia in children.
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ANS: A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in
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mthe embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of
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mgestation.

DIF: Cognitive Level: II m m




7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
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a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
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b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
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c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. m m m m



d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
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ANS: A

, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in
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the islets of the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver
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and spleen replace the yolk sac as the sites of blood cell development. By the
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second month of gestation, the liver becomes the major site of hematopoiesis, and
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granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearance. The liver and
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spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month of
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gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month,
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bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of
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hematopoiesis.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: II m m




8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
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a. to reduce inflammation.
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b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
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c. antigen recognition. m



d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal
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system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the
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site of injury and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour.
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Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in
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the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intruding agent.
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Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in
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severe infections.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: II m m




9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
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a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. m m m




ANS: D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
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1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., m m m m m m



lysozyme, myeloperoxidase)
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2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. m m m m m m m m



3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases m m m m m m




DIF: Cognitive Level: I m m




10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood
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mis associated with:
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a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba m



c. allergic reactions m



d. bacteria

ANS: C