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Samenvatting Communicatietechnologie en innovatie 18/20 behaald | VUB |

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Samenvatting voor Communicatietechnologie en innovatie aan de Vrije Universiteit Brussel. De slides aangevuld met les notities, ook een inhoudstafel en een duidelijke structuur van hoe alles samenhangt. Ik heb een 18/20 behaald. Er staan ook afbeeldingen bij.

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Communicatietechnologie en innovatie




1

,Deel 1: theoretische denkkaders ......................................................................................................... 11
1. Inleiding...................................................................................................................................... 11
1.1. Innovatie.............................................................................................................................. 11
Les 2.................................................................................................................................................. 14
1. Techniekfilosofie ......................................................................................................................... 14
1.1. Communicatietechnologie ................................................................................................... 14
1.1.1. Techniek Vs Technologie ................................................................................................ 14
1.1.2. Kenmerken van digitale communicatietechnologie ......................................................... 15
1.1.3. Communicatiemodel .................................................................................................... 15
a. Laswell ............................................................................................................................ 15
b. Communicatiemodel van Shannon en weaver.................................................................... 15
1.1.4. Digitale spraak in een GSM netwerk ............................................................................... 16
1.1.5. Overbrugging van tijd en afstand ..................................................................................... 17
Belangrijk ................................................................................................................................ 17
1.2. De oorsprong van commtechnologie: .................................................................................... 18
1.2.1. De machine om in de lucht te schrijven: de Chappe telegraaf ........................................... 18
1.3. Technologische mediatie/ bemiddeling ................................................................................. 19
1.3.1. Dingen en apparaten volgens Albert Borgmann ............................................................... 19
1.4. Postfemenologische techniekfilosofen .................................................................................. 19
1.4.1. Martin Heidegger ........................................................................................................... 20
1.4.2. Don Ihde ....................................................................................................................... 20
1.5. Stuurt technologie menselijke gedrag .................................................................................... 21
1.5.1. Het sturen van gedrag in een gewenste richting $ ............................................................ 23
1.5.2. Keuzearchitectuur ......................................................................................................... 23
les 3 .................................................................................................................................................. 25
2. Sociaalconstructivistische denkkkaders: ..................................................................................... 25
2.1. Libertair-paternalisme versus autonomie: ............................................................................. 25
2.2. Toepassing van de typologie van Peter Paul Verbeek: ............................................................. 25
2.2.1. De visie van Peter-Paul Verbeek ..................................................................................... 25
2.2.2. Peter-Paul Verbeek ........................................................................................................ 25
2.3. Technologisch deterministische denkkaders: ........................................................................ 26
2.3.1. Commwetenschappelijke denkkaders over mens & technologie...................................... 26
2.3.2. Technologisch deterministische uitgangspunten ............................................................ 26



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, 2.4. Socio-constructivistische uitgangspunten:............................................................................ 27
2.4.Socio-constructivistische denkkaders ....................................................................................... 27
2.4.1. SCOT: ........................................................................................................................... 27
a. Centrale concepten van de SCOT benadering .................................................................... 28
b. Hardheid van artefacten.................................................................................................... 28
2.4.2. Actor-Netwerk theory (ANT) ........................................................................................... 29
a. Bruno Latour .................................................................................................................... 29
b. Centrale concepten van ANT ............................................................................................. 30
c. Technologisch ‘script’ > a`ordances .................................................................................. 30
2.4.3. Kritiek op het socio-constructivisme .............................................................................. 30
les 4: 7/03 .......................................................................................................................................... 31
3. Inovatietheorieen ........................................................................................................................ 31
3.1. Waarde creatie: centraal in innovatietheorie .......................................................................... 31
3.2. Belangrijke spelers in het technologische innovatieproces ..................................................... 31
3.2.1. Algemene innovatietheorie ............................................................................................ 32
3.2.2. Disruptieve innovatietheorie .......................................................................................... 32
3.2.3. Innovatie di`usie theorie ............................................................................................... 34
a. Focus op innovatie als imitatie in de sociale-wetenschappen ............................................. 34
b. Innovatie di`usie theorie van G. Tarde................................................................................ 35
c. Adoptie en di`usie theorie van E. Rogers ........................................................................... 35
3.2.4. Innovatie theorieën: Open Innovation volgens E. Von Hippel ........................................... 37
a. Design thinking ................................................................................................................. 37
3.3. Technologisch innovatieproces ............................................................................................. 38
3.4. handelsrelatie en betalingsmodellen .................................................................................... 39
Les 5.................................................................................................................................................. 40
Deel 2: Innovatieve technologieën....................................................................................................... 40
1. De computer & internet: historiek ................................................................................................ 40
4.1. Het ‘internet’ ............................................................................................................................ 40
4.1.1. De architectuur van het internet ......................................................................................... 41
4.1.2. Adressering en routering..................................................................................................... 41
4.1.3. Organisaties die (de infrastructuur van het) internet ‘beheren’ .............................................. 42
4.2. Het technologische innovatieproces van het internet ............................................................. 43
4.2.1. Het internet: wetenschappelijke kennis/noodzakelijke kennis ......................................... 43



3

, 1. Shannon en weaver .......................................................................................................... 43
2. De computer .................................................................................................................... 44
3.Machine code compilers ....................................................................................................... 47
4.Telecommunicatienetwerken................................................................................................. 47
5. pakketschakeling ................................................................................................................. 49
Les 6 deel 2: ....................................................................................................................................... 52
4.2.2. Ideations ...................................................................................................................... 52
4.2.3. Prototypes ......................................................................................................................... 52
1. Prototypes: de Minitel (Frankrijk) .............................................................................................. 53
Prototypes: Compuserve (USA) ................................................................................................ 53
4.2.3. Di`usie ......................................................................................................................... 53
a. internet browsers.............................................................................................................. 53
b. hypertext .......................................................................................................................... 53
c. www bestaat uit: .............................................................................................................. 54
d. Webbrowsers ................................................................................................................... 54
e. Het ‘beheer’ van het World wide web ................................................................................. 54
f. Tim Berners-Lee over de toekomst van het www................................................................. 54
4.3. Het internet als gedistribueerd systeem .................................................................................... 55
Les 7:................................................................................................................................................. 56
5. Een gedistribueerd systeem: ........................................................................................................ 56
5.1. Gedistribueerde systemen.................................................................................................... 56
5.2. Een soort technologie........................................................................................................... 56
a. Transacties via een bank ....................................................................................................... 57
b. Distributed ledger technologies waaronder blockchain .......................................................... 57
5.3. Blockchain........................................................................................................................... 58
5.4. EEN APPLICATIE ................................................................................................................... 59
5.5. Proof-of-Work ...................................................................................................................... 60
a. Proof-of-Work algoritme (consensus mechanisme) ............................................................... 60
b. Proof of work vs Proof of stake .............................................................................................. 60
5.6. Smart contracts = zelf-uitvoerende contracten ...................................................................... 60
a. dApps = gedecentraliseerde toepassingen ............................................................................ 61
PulseChain: een gedecentraliseerd muziek platform ................................................................. 61
5.7. Non-fungible Tokens (NFT’s) ................................................................................................. 61



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