RIO BIO 201 FINAL, STUDY GUIDE
RIO BIO 201 FINAL, RIO SALADO
BIO 201 EXAM 3, BIO 201 FINAL
STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
action potentials can be generated by virtually all cells of the body because all cell
possess cell membranes - ANSWER-false, only cells with excitable membranes can
generate ap
The nodes or Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neural processes -
ANSWER-true
efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers - ANSWER-true
a positive feedback cycle is the main force in the generation of graded potentials at
receptor ends - ANSWER-false
a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse
between two neurons is called a postsynaptic potential - ANSWER-true
In myelinated axons the voltage-gated sodium channels are concentrated at the
nodes of Ranvier - ANSWER-true
The two major classes of grade potentials are transmitter potentials and receptor
potentials - ANSWER-False, generator potentials and post-synaptic potentials
If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and
destroy them - ANSWER-true
Myelination of the nerve fibers in the CNS is the job of the oligodendrocyte -
ANSWER-true
Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups - ANSWER-true
Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli - ANSWER-true
Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter
fibers. - ANSWER-true
During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. -
ANSWER-true
,the oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons - ANSWER-true
sensory neurons have long dendrites, while motor neurons have long axons -
ANSWER-true
Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. - ANSWER-true
A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the
presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal
membrane. - ANSWER-true
Saltatory conduction occurs because of the presence of salt around the neuron -
ANSWER-false, signal jumping from node to node along the axon
Neurons that are far away from the center of the neuron pool and that are not easily
excited by and incoming stimulus are in the discharge zone - ANSWER-false,
facilitated zone
Acetylcholine is not a biogenic amine - ANSWER-true
A synapse formed between the axon ending of one neuron and the cell body of
another neuron is called an axosomatic synapse. - ANSWER-true
Voltage is always measured between two points and may be called the potential
between these two points. - ANSWER-true
the all-or-non phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole
nerve cell must be stimulated for the conduction to take place - ANSWER-false
Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in ganglia lying outside the CNS -
ANSWER-true
Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of AP generated to increase - ANSWER-false
Is the main switch station for memory; if the right and left areas are damaged, the
past is lost. - ANSWER-amygdala
In stage 3 sleep, these waves and delta waves appear. - ANSWER-theta
The largest nuclear mass in the midbrain - ANSWER-substantia nigra
These are valvelike and protrude externally through the dura mater to absorb
cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood. - ANSWER-arachnoid villi
he large tract that connects the right and left sides of the brain - ANSWER-corpus
callosum
a temporary cessation of breathing during sleep found most commonly in the elderly
- ANSWER-sleep apnea
,a 24-hour cycle of sleep and wakefulness - ANSWER-circadian
includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus - ANSWER-diencephalon
The fourth ventricle is continuous with this part of the spinal cord. - ANSWER-central
canal
The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus to this. - ANSWER-pituitary gland
is a conduction pathway between higher and lower brain centers and houses nuclei
for cranial nerves V-VII. - ANSWER-pons
this type of memory requires practice, and is remembered by doing. - ANSWER-skill
Sensory neurons enter the spinal cord via which type of horn? - ANSWER-posterior
The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers
cross over are called what? - ANSWER-pyramids
The superchiasmatic nucleus is found in the - ANSWER-hypothalamus
Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the - ANSWER-pons
The primary auditory cortex is located in what lobe? - ANSWER-temporal
The subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid and the - ANSWER-pia
The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are
located in the - ANSWER-medulla
The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is which fissure? - ANSWER-
longitudinal
The rough, thick, leathery meningeal layer is the - ANSWER-dura mater
A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a - ANSWER-sulcus
Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain
would be - ANSWER-lateral spinothalmic
You would not find which of these options in the cerebral cortex? - ANSWER-fiber
tracts
What would a lateral tract in the spinal cord be known as? - ANSWER-rubrospinal
An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would
result in - ANSWER-paraplegia
Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the - ANSWER-upper motor neurons
, Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called - ANSWER-
gyri
The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the which of the following
choices? - ANSWER-lateral sulcus
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could
not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to this area. -
ANSWER-visual association area
Which of these options is not part of the basal nuclei?
putamen
substantia nigra
lentiform nucleus
globus pallidus - ANSWER-substantia nigra
Which of these options is not a structure of the limbic system?
hippocampus
caudate nucleus
cingulate gyrus
amygdaloid nucleus - ANSWER-caudate nucleus
Which of these options is not a midbrain structure?
third ventricle
red nucleus
cerebral peduncles
corpora quadrigemina - ANSWER-third ventricle
The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is
called - ANSWER-consolidation
The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or
alterness of the cerebral cortex is the - ANSWER-reticular formation
You would not find which of these options in normal cerebrospinal fluid: - ANSWER-
RBC
Fact memory is NOT stored in the - ANSWER-mammillary body
The corpus striatum plays a special role in which of the following? - ANSWER-skill
learning
Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the
equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying
muscle tone of postural muscles are the - ANSWER-vestibular nuclei
Which of these options is probably not directly involved in memory? - ANSWER-
medulla
RIO BIO 201 FINAL, RIO SALADO
BIO 201 EXAM 3, BIO 201 FINAL
STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
action potentials can be generated by virtually all cells of the body because all cell
possess cell membranes - ANSWER-false, only cells with excitable membranes can
generate ap
The nodes or Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neural processes -
ANSWER-true
efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers - ANSWER-true
a positive feedback cycle is the main force in the generation of graded potentials at
receptor ends - ANSWER-false
a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse
between two neurons is called a postsynaptic potential - ANSWER-true
In myelinated axons the voltage-gated sodium channels are concentrated at the
nodes of Ranvier - ANSWER-true
The two major classes of grade potentials are transmitter potentials and receptor
potentials - ANSWER-False, generator potentials and post-synaptic potentials
If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and
destroy them - ANSWER-true
Myelination of the nerve fibers in the CNS is the job of the oligodendrocyte -
ANSWER-true
Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups - ANSWER-true
Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli - ANSWER-true
Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter
fibers. - ANSWER-true
During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. -
ANSWER-true
,the oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons - ANSWER-true
sensory neurons have long dendrites, while motor neurons have long axons -
ANSWER-true
Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. - ANSWER-true
A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the
presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal
membrane. - ANSWER-true
Saltatory conduction occurs because of the presence of salt around the neuron -
ANSWER-false, signal jumping from node to node along the axon
Neurons that are far away from the center of the neuron pool and that are not easily
excited by and incoming stimulus are in the discharge zone - ANSWER-false,
facilitated zone
Acetylcholine is not a biogenic amine - ANSWER-true
A synapse formed between the axon ending of one neuron and the cell body of
another neuron is called an axosomatic synapse. - ANSWER-true
Voltage is always measured between two points and may be called the potential
between these two points. - ANSWER-true
the all-or-non phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole
nerve cell must be stimulated for the conduction to take place - ANSWER-false
Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in ganglia lying outside the CNS -
ANSWER-true
Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of AP generated to increase - ANSWER-false
Is the main switch station for memory; if the right and left areas are damaged, the
past is lost. - ANSWER-amygdala
In stage 3 sleep, these waves and delta waves appear. - ANSWER-theta
The largest nuclear mass in the midbrain - ANSWER-substantia nigra
These are valvelike and protrude externally through the dura mater to absorb
cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood. - ANSWER-arachnoid villi
he large tract that connects the right and left sides of the brain - ANSWER-corpus
callosum
a temporary cessation of breathing during sleep found most commonly in the elderly
- ANSWER-sleep apnea
,a 24-hour cycle of sleep and wakefulness - ANSWER-circadian
includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus - ANSWER-diencephalon
The fourth ventricle is continuous with this part of the spinal cord. - ANSWER-central
canal
The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus to this. - ANSWER-pituitary gland
is a conduction pathway between higher and lower brain centers and houses nuclei
for cranial nerves V-VII. - ANSWER-pons
this type of memory requires practice, and is remembered by doing. - ANSWER-skill
Sensory neurons enter the spinal cord via which type of horn? - ANSWER-posterior
The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers
cross over are called what? - ANSWER-pyramids
The superchiasmatic nucleus is found in the - ANSWER-hypothalamus
Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the - ANSWER-pons
The primary auditory cortex is located in what lobe? - ANSWER-temporal
The subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid and the - ANSWER-pia
The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are
located in the - ANSWER-medulla
The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is which fissure? - ANSWER-
longitudinal
The rough, thick, leathery meningeal layer is the - ANSWER-dura mater
A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a - ANSWER-sulcus
Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain
would be - ANSWER-lateral spinothalmic
You would not find which of these options in the cerebral cortex? - ANSWER-fiber
tracts
What would a lateral tract in the spinal cord be known as? - ANSWER-rubrospinal
An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would
result in - ANSWER-paraplegia
Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the - ANSWER-upper motor neurons
, Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called - ANSWER-
gyri
The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the which of the following
choices? - ANSWER-lateral sulcus
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could
not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to this area. -
ANSWER-visual association area
Which of these options is not part of the basal nuclei?
putamen
substantia nigra
lentiform nucleus
globus pallidus - ANSWER-substantia nigra
Which of these options is not a structure of the limbic system?
hippocampus
caudate nucleus
cingulate gyrus
amygdaloid nucleus - ANSWER-caudate nucleus
Which of these options is not a midbrain structure?
third ventricle
red nucleus
cerebral peduncles
corpora quadrigemina - ANSWER-third ventricle
The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is
called - ANSWER-consolidation
The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or
alterness of the cerebral cortex is the - ANSWER-reticular formation
You would not find which of these options in normal cerebrospinal fluid: - ANSWER-
RBC
Fact memory is NOT stored in the - ANSWER-mammillary body
The corpus striatum plays a special role in which of the following? - ANSWER-skill
learning
Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the
equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying
muscle tone of postural muscles are the - ANSWER-vestibular nuclei
Which of these options is probably not directly involved in memory? - ANSWER-
medulla
