GIS FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e9mngc
1. what are the defi- Cartography - the art and science of map-making
nitions of cartog-
raphy and maps Map - a representation of geographical data designed to convey information to
its reader
2. Questions to con- 1-What is the purpose and who will use it?
sider when devel- - includes visual hierarchy -how certain features are emphasized based on their
oping a map: level of prominence
2-Is the information on the map being effectively conveyed to the map reader?
-avoid clutter, are symbols appropriate, colour appropriate ...
3-Is the map well designed and laid out properly?
- is it centred properly, the placement of map elements (legend, title, ...) appro-
priate
FOR EXAM LAST LECTURE - police liked the red roads for crime rather than other
colours
3. What is Geo- Real-world size or extent of an area
graphic scale -varies based on the purpose of the map
4. what is large A large-scale map has a smaller ratio (1:10,000 or 1:25,000) and would have more
scale and small details such as streets and building footprints.
scale
a small-scale map has a larger ratio (1:500,000 or 1:1,000,000) and illustrates an
entire state, province, or country with just the larger cities or towns and major
highways.
5. what is Map scale a metric used to determine the relationship between measurements made on a
map and their real-world equivalents
6. 1) Ratio scale: is simply a comparison of a map size to real world size (e.g.,
1:100,000)
, GIS FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e9mngc
Scale can be de- -known as a representational fraction (RF)
scribed in three -means one unit (cm, inch) on the map represents 100,000 (example) of the same
ways units in the world
-no units are attached to the RF since it is a ratio
2) Verbal scale (word scale): the scale is simply converted to words
-often easier for readers to understand
-for example, 1/24,000 becomes either "1 centimeter represents 240 meters" or
"1 inch represents 2000 feet"
3) Visual or graphical scale: a line is drawn at the same scale as the map and
divided into units
-include-graphical scale, bar scale or linear scale
7. The use of the - topographic maps and atlases frequently include all forms of scale
three scales: - moreover, the graphical scale may be shown in both English and metric units
- thematic maps for reports, periodicals and newspapers often only use a graph-
ical scale (map may be reduced or increased on publication)
- for maps on monitors, only appropriate scale is graphic scale (depends on size
of screen)
8. Describe Colour -key component of most maps
in Cartographic -has a powerful visual impact
Design -one of the most frequently criticized aspects of map design
-colour is our reaction to the electromagnetic spectrum
-specifically, the visible spectrum (0.4 to 0.7 micrometers)
9. visible light spec- 380-750 nm
trum
, GIS FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e9mngc
10. what are the The i) Value (lightness)
three dimensions ii) Hue
of colour iii) Saturation
11. Describe val- the different degrees of darkness or lightness of a specific colour
ue (lightness) in - high values are light and low values are dark
terms of colour - great for ordinal data (soil pH, pop density)
(one of 3 dimen- - and for remote sensing data
sions of colour)
12. What is the max- 0-255
imum light in-
tensity on power
point?
13. Describe Hue what is normally called "colour", is the distinction between blue, brown, red,
(one of 3 dimen- yellow, green, etc...
sions of colour) - can have cultural significance
14. Describe satura- the purity of the hue
tion (one of - "colourfulness" of the hue
3 dimensions of - extent to which a colour deviates from a gray of the same value
colour)
15. what are -should not be used indiscriminately on maps
some Consid- -should serve a purpose and not just an afterthought
erations when
choosing colours Arthur H. Robinson (1967) gave three reasons for use of colour in cartography
1-It acts as a clarifying and simplifying element. It increases the number of visual
levels and acts as a unifying agent.
2-The use of colour seems to have remarkable effects on the subjective reactions
of the map reader. (leads the eye & attracts attention)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e9mngc
1. what are the defi- Cartography - the art and science of map-making
nitions of cartog-
raphy and maps Map - a representation of geographical data designed to convey information to
its reader
2. Questions to con- 1-What is the purpose and who will use it?
sider when devel- - includes visual hierarchy -how certain features are emphasized based on their
oping a map: level of prominence
2-Is the information on the map being effectively conveyed to the map reader?
-avoid clutter, are symbols appropriate, colour appropriate ...
3-Is the map well designed and laid out properly?
- is it centred properly, the placement of map elements (legend, title, ...) appro-
priate
FOR EXAM LAST LECTURE - police liked the red roads for crime rather than other
colours
3. What is Geo- Real-world size or extent of an area
graphic scale -varies based on the purpose of the map
4. what is large A large-scale map has a smaller ratio (1:10,000 or 1:25,000) and would have more
scale and small details such as streets and building footprints.
scale
a small-scale map has a larger ratio (1:500,000 or 1:1,000,000) and illustrates an
entire state, province, or country with just the larger cities or towns and major
highways.
5. what is Map scale a metric used to determine the relationship between measurements made on a
map and their real-world equivalents
6. 1) Ratio scale: is simply a comparison of a map size to real world size (e.g.,
1:100,000)
, GIS FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e9mngc
Scale can be de- -known as a representational fraction (RF)
scribed in three -means one unit (cm, inch) on the map represents 100,000 (example) of the same
ways units in the world
-no units are attached to the RF since it is a ratio
2) Verbal scale (word scale): the scale is simply converted to words
-often easier for readers to understand
-for example, 1/24,000 becomes either "1 centimeter represents 240 meters" or
"1 inch represents 2000 feet"
3) Visual or graphical scale: a line is drawn at the same scale as the map and
divided into units
-include-graphical scale, bar scale or linear scale
7. The use of the - topographic maps and atlases frequently include all forms of scale
three scales: - moreover, the graphical scale may be shown in both English and metric units
- thematic maps for reports, periodicals and newspapers often only use a graph-
ical scale (map may be reduced or increased on publication)
- for maps on monitors, only appropriate scale is graphic scale (depends on size
of screen)
8. Describe Colour -key component of most maps
in Cartographic -has a powerful visual impact
Design -one of the most frequently criticized aspects of map design
-colour is our reaction to the electromagnetic spectrum
-specifically, the visible spectrum (0.4 to 0.7 micrometers)
9. visible light spec- 380-750 nm
trum
, GIS FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e9mngc
10. what are the The i) Value (lightness)
three dimensions ii) Hue
of colour iii) Saturation
11. Describe val- the different degrees of darkness or lightness of a specific colour
ue (lightness) in - high values are light and low values are dark
terms of colour - great for ordinal data (soil pH, pop density)
(one of 3 dimen- - and for remote sensing data
sions of colour)
12. What is the max- 0-255
imum light in-
tensity on power
point?
13. Describe Hue what is normally called "colour", is the distinction between blue, brown, red,
(one of 3 dimen- yellow, green, etc...
sions of colour) - can have cultural significance
14. Describe satura- the purity of the hue
tion (one of - "colourfulness" of the hue
3 dimensions of - extent to which a colour deviates from a gray of the same value
colour)
15. what are -should not be used indiscriminately on maps
some Consid- -should serve a purpose and not just an afterthought
erations when
choosing colours Arthur H. Robinson (1967) gave three reasons for use of colour in cartography
1-It acts as a clarifying and simplifying element. It increases the number of visual
levels and acts as a unifying agent.
2-The use of colour seems to have remarkable effects on the subjective reactions
of the map reader. (leads the eye & attracts attention)
