Infectious Disease Control 2026 Isolation & PPE Standards

1. Which type of isolation is required for active pulmonary tuberculosis? A. Contact precautions B. Droplet precautions C. Airborne precautions D. Standard precautions only Correct Answer: C. Airborne precautions Rationale: Tuberculosis spreads via airborne droplet nuclei requiring negative pressure isolation and respirator use. 2. Which PPE is required for airborne precautions? A. Surgical mask B. N95 respirator or higher C. Gloves only D. Face shield only Correct Answer: B. N95 respirator or higher Rationale: Airborne pathogens require respirator-level protection. 3. Which infection requires contact precautions? A. Clostridioides difficile B. Tuberculosis C. Influenza D. Meningitis Correct Answer: A. Clostridioides difficile Rationale: C. difficile spreads via contaminated surfaces and spores. 4. Which PPE is essential for contact precautions? A. Gloves and gown B. N95 respirator only C. Shoe covers only D. Surgical mask only Correct Answer: A. Gloves and gown Rationale: Protects against direct and indirect contact transmission. 5. Which precaution is used for influenza? A. Airborne precautions B. Droplet precautions C. Contact precautions only D. Reverse isolation Correct Answer: B. Droplet precautions Rationale: Influenza spreads via respiratory droplets. 6. Which PPE is required for droplet precautions? A. Surgical mask B. N95 respirator C. Sterile gown only D. Double gloves only Correct Answer: A. Surgical mask Rationale: Surgical masks block large respiratory droplets. 7. Which isolation room is required for airborne diseases? A. Negative pressure room B. Positive pressure room C. Open ward D. Standard private room without ventilation Correct Answer: A. Negative pressure room Rationale: Prevents contaminated air from escaping room. 8. Which infection requires reverse isolation? A. Severe neutropenia B. Influenza C. Tuberculosis D. Measles exposure only Correct Answer: A. Severe neutropenia Rationale: Protects immunocompromised patients from infection. 9. Which is the correct hand hygiene method for C. difficile? A. Alcohol-based sanitizer B. Soap and water C. No hand hygiene needed D. Gloves only Correct Answer: B. Soap and water Rationale: Alcohol does not kill spores effectively. 10. Which organism requires airborne isolation? A. Measles virus B. E. coli C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Norovirus Correct Answer: A. Measles virus Rationale: Measles spreads through airborne particles. 11. Which PPE is required for suspected measles? A. N95 respirator B. Gloves only C. Surgical cap only D. No PPE required Correct Answer: A. N95 respirator Rationale: Measles is highly contagious airborne virus. 12. Which action is priority when entering isolation room? A. Perform hand hygiene before and after entry B. Enter without precautions C. Remove PPE outside patient room only D. Avoid patient identification Correct Answer: A. Perform hand hygiene before and after entry Rationale: Hand hygiene prevents transmission of pathogens. 13. Which sequence is correct for donning PPE? A. Gown → mask/respirator → goggles → gloves B. Gloves → gown → mask → goggles C. Mask → gloves → gown → goggles D. Gown → gloves → mask → goggles Correct Answer: A. Gown → mask/respirator → goggle