PEDIATRIC MORTALITY RATES AND
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
What is the infant mortality rate primarily due to? - ANS Congenital anomalies, preterm birth,
low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
What are the main causes of childhood mortality? - ANS Unintentional injuries such as
drowning, falls, burns, poisoning, and motor vehicle accidents.
What are the leading causes of mortality in adolescents? - ANS Motor vehicle accidents,
homicide, and suicide.
What is the philosophy of patient and family-centered care? - ANS Care planning and delivery
is grounded in mutually beneficial partnerships among healthcare providers, patients, and their
families.
What is the role of nurses in patient and family-centered care? - ANS Nurses support families
in caregiving and decision-making roles, build on their strengths, and acknowledge their
expertise.
What does enabling mean in the context of family-centered care? - ANS Creating
opportunities for families to display their current abilities and acquire new ones.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 17
,What is empowerment in the context of healthcare interactions with families? -
ANS Interactions that help families maintain or acquire a sense of control and acknowledge
positive changes and behaviors.
What is the primary goal of trauma-informed care? - ANS To first do no harm and minimize
physical and psychological distress for patients and their families.
What principles guide trauma-informed care? - ANS Preventing or minimizing child
separation from family, promoting a sense of control, and preventing or minimizing bodily injury
or pain.
What are the cognitive impairments associated with Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)? -
ANS Mild to moderate cognitive impairment.
What are some characteristic facial features of individuals with Down syndrome? - ANS Low
set ears, flat mid face, protruding tongue, and flat nasal bridge.
What is the typical life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome? - ANS Shortened life
expectancy.
What is the chromosomal constitution for females with Trisomy 21? - ANS 47,XX,+21.
What is the chromosomal constitution for males with Trisomy 21? - ANS 47,XY,+21.
What is Fragile X syndrome? - ANS A structural chromosomal abnormality that is X-linked
recessive and the most common cause of inherited cognitive impairment.
What are some clinical features of Fragile X syndrome? - ANS Elongated face, large ears,
macroorchidism, connective tissue dysplasia, behavioral problems, and autism spectrum
disorder.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 17
, What are common behavioral characteristics of children with Fragile X syndrome? -
ANS Hand flapping, poor eye contact, sensory sensitivity, and speech/language delays.
What is the key to effective intervention for Fragile X syndrome? - ANS Early intervention.
What is Turner syndrome? - ANS A female chromosomal abnormality (sex-linked) affecting
girls.
What is the diagnosis method for missing or malformed X chromosome? - ANS Prenatal
amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, or postnatal karyotype analysis.
What are the clinical features of missing or malformed X chromosome? - ANS Short stature,
broad chest, low hairline, low ears, small mandible, ovarian dysgenesis, amenorrhea, and
infertility.
What treatments are available for missing or malformed X chromosome? - ANS Hormone
therapy and cardiac monitoring.
What is PKU (phenylketonuria)? - ANS An autosomal recessive disease caused by the absence
of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, leading to the inability to metabolize phenylalanine
into tyrosine.
What are the consequences of untreated PKU? - ANS Severe hyperphenylalaninemia, brain
damage, and cognitive impairment.
What are hallmark symptoms of untreated PKU? - ANS Severe intellectual impairment, failure
to thrive, vomiting, irritability, urine with a musty odor, hyperactive behavior, and seizures.
What nursing care is recommended for PKU patients? - ANS Seizure precautions, low stimuli
environment, frequent blood tests, and dietary education.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 17
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
What is the infant mortality rate primarily due to? - ANS Congenital anomalies, preterm birth,
low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
What are the main causes of childhood mortality? - ANS Unintentional injuries such as
drowning, falls, burns, poisoning, and motor vehicle accidents.
What are the leading causes of mortality in adolescents? - ANS Motor vehicle accidents,
homicide, and suicide.
What is the philosophy of patient and family-centered care? - ANS Care planning and delivery
is grounded in mutually beneficial partnerships among healthcare providers, patients, and their
families.
What is the role of nurses in patient and family-centered care? - ANS Nurses support families
in caregiving and decision-making roles, build on their strengths, and acknowledge their
expertise.
What does enabling mean in the context of family-centered care? - ANS Creating
opportunities for families to display their current abilities and acquire new ones.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 17
,What is empowerment in the context of healthcare interactions with families? -
ANS Interactions that help families maintain or acquire a sense of control and acknowledge
positive changes and behaviors.
What is the primary goal of trauma-informed care? - ANS To first do no harm and minimize
physical and psychological distress for patients and their families.
What principles guide trauma-informed care? - ANS Preventing or minimizing child
separation from family, promoting a sense of control, and preventing or minimizing bodily injury
or pain.
What are the cognitive impairments associated with Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)? -
ANS Mild to moderate cognitive impairment.
What are some characteristic facial features of individuals with Down syndrome? - ANS Low
set ears, flat mid face, protruding tongue, and flat nasal bridge.
What is the typical life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome? - ANS Shortened life
expectancy.
What is the chromosomal constitution for females with Trisomy 21? - ANS 47,XX,+21.
What is the chromosomal constitution for males with Trisomy 21? - ANS 47,XY,+21.
What is Fragile X syndrome? - ANS A structural chromosomal abnormality that is X-linked
recessive and the most common cause of inherited cognitive impairment.
What are some clinical features of Fragile X syndrome? - ANS Elongated face, large ears,
macroorchidism, connective tissue dysplasia, behavioral problems, and autism spectrum
disorder.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 17
, What are common behavioral characteristics of children with Fragile X syndrome? -
ANS Hand flapping, poor eye contact, sensory sensitivity, and speech/language delays.
What is the key to effective intervention for Fragile X syndrome? - ANS Early intervention.
What is Turner syndrome? - ANS A female chromosomal abnormality (sex-linked) affecting
girls.
What is the diagnosis method for missing or malformed X chromosome? - ANS Prenatal
amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, or postnatal karyotype analysis.
What are the clinical features of missing or malformed X chromosome? - ANS Short stature,
broad chest, low hairline, low ears, small mandible, ovarian dysgenesis, amenorrhea, and
infertility.
What treatments are available for missing or malformed X chromosome? - ANS Hormone
therapy and cardiac monitoring.
What is PKU (phenylketonuria)? - ANS An autosomal recessive disease caused by the absence
of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, leading to the inability to metabolize phenylalanine
into tyrosine.
What are the consequences of untreated PKU? - ANS Severe hyperphenylalaninemia, brain
damage, and cognitive impairment.
What are hallmark symptoms of untreated PKU? - ANS Severe intellectual impairment, failure
to thrive, vomiting, irritability, urine with a musty odor, hyperactive behavior, and seizures.
What nursing care is recommended for PKU patients? - ANS Seizure precautions, low stimuli
environment, frequent blood tests, and dietary education.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 17
