Constitutional Law: 2026 Modern Case
Studies
Judicial Review, Digital Rights & Executive Power (100 Questions)
1. What is the principle of "Judicial Review"?
A) The power of the legislature to veto court decisions
B) The power of the courts to examine the actions of the legislative and executive branches and
declare them unconstitutional
C) The right of the president to review court sentences
D) The duty of the public to review judicial candidates
Correct Answer: B) The power of the courts to examine the actions of the legislative and
executive branches and declare them unconstitutional
2. In modern constitutionalism, "Separation of Powers" is designed to:
A) Make the government more efficient by centralizing authority
B) Prevent the concentration of power by dividing it into independent branches (Legislative,
Executive, Judicial)
C) Allow the executive to rule by decree
D) Ensure that the judiciary has absolute control over the state
Correct Answer: B) Prevent the concentration of power by dividing it into independent
branches (Legislative, Executive, Judicial)
3. What is a "Living Constitution" theory?
A) The belief that the constitution can be physically resurrected
B) The interpretation of the constitution as a dynamic document that evolves with society's
changing values
C) The requirement that the constitution must be read aloud daily
D) The theory that the constitution only applies to living people
Correct Answer: B) The interpretation of the constitution as a dynamic document that
evolves with society's changing values
4. What is "Originalism" in constitutional interpretation?
A) The belief that the constitution is original and cannot be copied
B) The theory that the constitution should be interpreted based on the original public meaning at
the time it was adopted
C) The theory that only original documents are valid in court
D) The belief that the constitution only applies to the founding generation
,Correct Answer: B) The theory that the constitution should be interpreted based on the
original public meaning at the time it was adopted
5. "Due Process" (5th and 14th Amendments in the US) guarantees that:
A) The government will always win in court
B) No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair legal procedures
C) All citizens get free legal representation
D) The government can take property for public use without compensation
Correct Answer: B) No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair
legal procedures
6. The "Equal Protection Clause" prohibits:
A) All government classification of people
B) The government from denying any person equal protection of the laws
C) Private companies from hiring based on gender
D) The government from passing any laws at all
Correct Answer: B) The government from denying any person equal protection of the
laws
7. In 2026, constitutional debates over "AI and Free Speech" focus on:
A) Whether AI-generated content is protected by freedom of speech
B) Whether robots should have the right to vote
C) Whether AI can run for president
D) Whether companies can sell AI products
Correct Answer: A) Whether AI-generated content is protected by freedom of speech
8. "Prior Restraint" is a government action that:
A) Punishes speech after it is published
B) Prohibits speech or other expression before it can take place (generally unconstitutional)
C) Encourages freedom of the press
D) Restrains a criminal from committing a crime
Correct Answer: B) Prohibits speech or other expression before it can take place
(generally unconstitutional)
9. "Freedom of Assembly" protects the right to:
A) Gather in groups for peaceful protest
B) Riot and destroy property
C) Assemble only with the government's permission
D) Use digital tools to influence elections
, Correct Answer: A) Gather in groups for peaceful protest
10. What is "Eminent Domain"?
A) The power of the government to take private property for public use with just compensation
B) The right of the government to tax all property
C) The power of the government to ban private ownership
D) The right of individuals to take land from the government
Correct Answer: A) The power of the government to take private property for public use
with just compensation
11. The "Establishment Clause" of the 1st Amendment prohibits:
A) The government from creating a national religion
B) People from practicing religion in public
C) The government from funding any charity
D) Religious organizations from owning property
Correct Answer: A) The government from creating a national religion
12. The "Free Exercise Clause" protects:
A) The right to practice any religion
B) The government's right to control religious activities
C) The right to ignore religious laws
D) The right to tax religious groups
Correct Answer: A) The right to practice any religion
13. "Fourth Amendment" protections cover:
A) Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures
B) Freedom of the press
C) Right to bear arms
D) Right to a fair trial
Correct Answer: A) Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures
14. In 2026, constitutional litigation regarding the "Fourth Amendment" often addresses:
A) Digital data privacy and warrantless government access to smartphone data
B) The legality of physical searching of buildings
C) The right of the government to tax digital assets
D) The regulation of the internet by private companies
Correct Answer: A) Digital data privacy and warrantless government access to
smartphone data
15. "Self-Incrimination" (5th Amendment) means a person cannot be:
A) Forced to be a witness against themselves in a criminal case
B) Forced to hire a lawyer
C) Forced to tell the truth to the police
Studies
Judicial Review, Digital Rights & Executive Power (100 Questions)
1. What is the principle of "Judicial Review"?
A) The power of the legislature to veto court decisions
B) The power of the courts to examine the actions of the legislative and executive branches and
declare them unconstitutional
C) The right of the president to review court sentences
D) The duty of the public to review judicial candidates
Correct Answer: B) The power of the courts to examine the actions of the legislative and
executive branches and declare them unconstitutional
2. In modern constitutionalism, "Separation of Powers" is designed to:
A) Make the government more efficient by centralizing authority
B) Prevent the concentration of power by dividing it into independent branches (Legislative,
Executive, Judicial)
C) Allow the executive to rule by decree
D) Ensure that the judiciary has absolute control over the state
Correct Answer: B) Prevent the concentration of power by dividing it into independent
branches (Legislative, Executive, Judicial)
3. What is a "Living Constitution" theory?
A) The belief that the constitution can be physically resurrected
B) The interpretation of the constitution as a dynamic document that evolves with society's
changing values
C) The requirement that the constitution must be read aloud daily
D) The theory that the constitution only applies to living people
Correct Answer: B) The interpretation of the constitution as a dynamic document that
evolves with society's changing values
4. What is "Originalism" in constitutional interpretation?
A) The belief that the constitution is original and cannot be copied
B) The theory that the constitution should be interpreted based on the original public meaning at
the time it was adopted
C) The theory that only original documents are valid in court
D) The belief that the constitution only applies to the founding generation
,Correct Answer: B) The theory that the constitution should be interpreted based on the
original public meaning at the time it was adopted
5. "Due Process" (5th and 14th Amendments in the US) guarantees that:
A) The government will always win in court
B) No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair legal procedures
C) All citizens get free legal representation
D) The government can take property for public use without compensation
Correct Answer: B) No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair
legal procedures
6. The "Equal Protection Clause" prohibits:
A) All government classification of people
B) The government from denying any person equal protection of the laws
C) Private companies from hiring based on gender
D) The government from passing any laws at all
Correct Answer: B) The government from denying any person equal protection of the
laws
7. In 2026, constitutional debates over "AI and Free Speech" focus on:
A) Whether AI-generated content is protected by freedom of speech
B) Whether robots should have the right to vote
C) Whether AI can run for president
D) Whether companies can sell AI products
Correct Answer: A) Whether AI-generated content is protected by freedom of speech
8. "Prior Restraint" is a government action that:
A) Punishes speech after it is published
B) Prohibits speech or other expression before it can take place (generally unconstitutional)
C) Encourages freedom of the press
D) Restrains a criminal from committing a crime
Correct Answer: B) Prohibits speech or other expression before it can take place
(generally unconstitutional)
9. "Freedom of Assembly" protects the right to:
A) Gather in groups for peaceful protest
B) Riot and destroy property
C) Assemble only with the government's permission
D) Use digital tools to influence elections
, Correct Answer: A) Gather in groups for peaceful protest
10. What is "Eminent Domain"?
A) The power of the government to take private property for public use with just compensation
B) The right of the government to tax all property
C) The power of the government to ban private ownership
D) The right of individuals to take land from the government
Correct Answer: A) The power of the government to take private property for public use
with just compensation
11. The "Establishment Clause" of the 1st Amendment prohibits:
A) The government from creating a national religion
B) People from practicing religion in public
C) The government from funding any charity
D) Religious organizations from owning property
Correct Answer: A) The government from creating a national religion
12. The "Free Exercise Clause" protects:
A) The right to practice any religion
B) The government's right to control religious activities
C) The right to ignore religious laws
D) The right to tax religious groups
Correct Answer: A) The right to practice any religion
13. "Fourth Amendment" protections cover:
A) Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures
B) Freedom of the press
C) Right to bear arms
D) Right to a fair trial
Correct Answer: A) Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures
14. In 2026, constitutional litigation regarding the "Fourth Amendment" often addresses:
A) Digital data privacy and warrantless government access to smartphone data
B) The legality of physical searching of buildings
C) The right of the government to tax digital assets
D) The regulation of the internet by private companies
Correct Answer: A) Digital data privacy and warrantless government access to
smartphone data
15. "Self-Incrimination" (5th Amendment) means a person cannot be:
A) Forced to be a witness against themselves in a criminal case
B) Forced to hire a lawyer
C) Forced to tell the truth to the police
