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Lecture Notes Digital Crime | Criminology & Evidence | Leiden | 2025/26

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Lecture notes for the Digital Crime course (8921CS042) at Universiteit Leiden, covering weeks 1-2 of the 2025/26 academic year. Topics include cybercrime definitions and categorization (Wall, Grabosky, McGuire), criminological theories applied to digital offending (Routine Activity Theory, Life-Course Criminology, Online Disinhibition Effect), investigative challenges, and the critique of technological solutionism. Essential study material for understanding how traditional criminology frameworks apply to cyber-enabled and cyber-dependent crimes, with key concepts like jurisdictional friction, digital guardianship, and digital drift clearly outlined.

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, Lecture7 -
Introduction to
Digital Crime

What is crime ?
>
-

Act or
activity prohibited by Law >
-


penalties & Sanctions

no crime without law
Substantive Law - What crime is

Procedural Law >
-
How to investigate crime




What about Cyber Crime?

Combination- > New types of crime ->
> Cyber-dependant (cannot exist without technology
↳ same type but
digitalized > Cyber-enabled (Tech facilitating traditional crime

↳Sometimes
-




fits
bothy
it



Investigation
=> Also ind
Frameworks :



any crime with digital .




traces

Cyber-enabled Any crimes leaving
traces
Crime
digital
cyber
dependant




Is Cyber-crime definition needed?


definition of specific cyber-crime must be
very precise
±

Cyber-Dependant Availability
Computer Hacking - Crime when
intentionally done without right unless Ethical
Crime - Brute Force Attacks -




gain acces
through cunning trick
ㄹ 3 -


Exploration of vulnerabilities -
Use of Stolen
Login offered online (Parkwebl
Integrity confidentiality

Ethical Hacking guidelines :


-




Reporting party responsible for own actions

-

Report the issue ASAP but confidentially
-
Must not report based on reward




Malware >
-
Ransomware : Threaten victim with data loss in exchange for payment
Virus >
- Infects device system

Worm >
-
Infects network


Trojan horse >
-
Innocent program file containing malware




Online Criminal Marketplace
>
-
market function
-
Social function
>
-



Learning function

Online Fraud : Most common crime - esp .


Phishing

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Uploaded on
May 21, 2026
File latest updated on
May 21, 2026
Number of pages
29
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Julia prummer, leonore ten hulsen
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