Test bank for ECGs Made Easy
b b b b b
7th Edition by Barbara J Aehlert
b b b b b
Chapters 1 – 10 complete
b b b b
,ECGs Made Easy 7th Edition by Barbara Aehlert Test Bank
b b b b b b b b b
Table of Contents:
b b
Chapter 1. Anatomy & Physiology
b b b b
Chapter 2. Basic Electrophysiology
b b b
Chapter 3. Sinus Mechanisms
b b b
Chapter 4. Atrial Rhythms
b b b
Chapter 5. Junctional Rhythms
b b b
Chapter 6. Ventricular Rhythms
b b b
Chapter 7. Atrioventricular Blocks
b b b
Chapter 8. Pacemaker Rhythms
b b b
Chapter 9. Introduction to the 12-Lead ECG
b b b b b b
Chapter 10. Post-Test
b b
,prepared by stevesalvardo
b b
for any inquiry and further request email
b b b b b b
:
Chapter 01: Anatomy and Physiology
b b b b b
Aehlert: ECGs Made Easy, 7th Edition
b b b b b
MULTIPLEbCHOICE
1. bThebapexbofbthebheartbisbformedbbybthe .
a. tipbofbthebleftbventricle
b. tipbofbthebrightbatrium
c. rightbatriumbandbrightbventricle
d. leftbatriumbandbleftbventricle
ANSWER:b A
Thebheart’sbapex,borblowerbportion,bisbformedbbybthebtipbofbthebleftbventricle.bThebapexbliesbjustba
bovebthebdiaphragm,bbetweenbthebfifthbandbsixthbribs,binbthebmidclavicularbline.
OBJ:b Identifybthebsurfacesbofbthebheart.
2. Thebleftbatriumbreceivesbbloodbfrombthe .
a. pulmonarybveins
b. aorta
c. pulmonarybarteries
d. inferiorbvenabcava
ANSWER:b A
Thebleftbatriumbreceivesbfreshlyboxygenatedbbloodbfrombtheblungsbviabthebrightbandbleftbp
ulmonarybveins.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebthebchambersbofbthebheartbandbthebvesselsbthatbenterborbleavebeach.
3. Thebanteriorbsurfacebofbthebheartbconsistsbprimarilybofbthe .
a. leftbatrium
b. rightbatrium
c. leftbventricle
d. rightbventricle
ANSWER:b D
Thebfrontb(anterior)bsurfacebofbthebheartbliesbbehindbthebsternumbandbcostalbcartilages.bItbisbforme
dbbybportionsbofbthebrightbatriumbandbthebleftbandbrightbventricles.bHowever,bbecausebthebheartbisbt
iltedbslightlybtowardbthebleftbinbthebchest,bthebrightbventriclebisbthebareabofbthebheartbthatbliesbmostb
directlybbehindbthebsternum.
OBJ:b Identifybthebsurfacesbofbthebheart.
4. Bloodbpressurebisbdeterminedbby multipliedbby .
a. strokebvolume;bheartbrate
,b. heartbrate;bcardiacboutput
c. cardiacboutput;bperipheralbvascularbresistance
d. strokebvolume;bperipheralbvascularbresistance
ANSWER:b C
Bloodbpressurebisbequalbtobcardiacboutputbmultipliedbbybperipheralbvascularbresistance.
, OBJ:b Identifybandbexplainbthebcomponentsbofbbloodbpressurebandbcardiacboutput.
5. Thebrightbatriumbreceivesbvenousbbloodbfrombthebhead,bneck,bandbthoraxbviabthe
,bfrombthebremainderbofbthebbodybviabthe
,bandbfrombthebheartbviabthe .
a. coronarybsinus;bsuperiorbvenabcava;binferiorbvenabcava
b. superiorbvenabcava;bcoronarybsinus;binferiorbvenabcava
c. inferiorbvenabcava;bsuperiorbvenabcava;bcoronarybsinus
d. superiorbvenabcava;binferiorbvenabcava;bcoronarybsinus
ANSWER:b D
Thebrightbatriumbreceivesbbloodblowbinboxygenbfrombthebsuperiorbvenabcava,bwhichbcarriesbblo
odbfrombthebheadbandbupperbextremities;bthebinferiorbvenabcava,bwhichbcarriesbbloodbfrombthebl
owerbbody;bandbthebcoronarybsinus,bwhichbisbtheblargestbveinbthatbdrainsbthebheart.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebthebchambersbofbthebheartbandbthebvesselsbthatbenterborbleavebeach.
6. Thebheartbisbdividedbinto chambersbbutbfunctionsbasba -sidedbpump.
a. two;bfour
b. three;btwo
c. four;btwo
d. four;bthree
ANSWER:b C
Thebheartbhasbfourbchambers:btwobatriabandbtwobventricles.bThebrightbandbleftbsidesbofbthebheartbar
ebseparatedbbybanbinternalbwallbofbconnectivebtissuebcalledbabseptum.bThebinteratrialbseptumbsep
aratesbthebrightbandbleftbatria.bThebinterventricularbseptumbseparatesbthebrightbandbleftbventricles.
bThebseptabseparatebthebheartbintobtwobfunctional bpumps.bThebright batriumbandbright bventriclebm
akebupbonebpump.bThebleftbatriumbandbleftbventriclebmakebupbthebother.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebthebchambersbofbthebheartbandbthebvesselsbthatbenterborbleavebeach.
7. Stimulationbofbalpha1breceptorsbresultsbin .
a. increasedbheartbrate
b. peripheralbvasoconstriction
c. constrictionbofbbronchialbsmoothbmuscle
d. increasedbforcebofbmyocardialbcontraction
ANSWER:b B
Alpha1breceptorsbarebfoundbinbthebeyes,bbloodbvessels,bbladder,bandbmalebreproductiveborgans.bS
timulationbofbalpha1breceptorbsitesbresultsbinbconstriction.
OBJ:b Comparebandbcontrastbthebeffectsbofbsympatheticbandbparasympatheticbstimulationbofbthebheart.
8. Whichbsidebofbthebheartbisbablow-pressurebsystembthatbpumpsbvenousbbloodbtobtheblungs?
a. Left
b. Right
ANSWER:b B
Thebjobbofbthebrightbsidebofbthebheartbisbtobpumpbunoxygenatedbbloodbtobandbthroughbtheblungsbtob
thebleftbsidebofbthebheart.bThisbisbcalledbthebpulmonarybcirculation.bThebrightbsidebofbthebheartbisbabl
ow-pressurebsystem.
, OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebthebchambersbofbthebheartbandbthebvesselsbthatbenterborbleavebeach.
9. Whichbsidebofbthebheartbisbabhigh-
pressurebsystembthatbpumpsbarterialbbloodbtobthebsystemicbcirculation?
a. Left
b. Right
ANSWER:b A
Thebleftbsidebofbthebheartbisbabhigh-
pressurebpump.bThebjobbofbthebleftbheartbisbtobreceiveboxygenatedbbloodbandbpumpbitboutbtobtheb
restbofbthebbody.bThisbisbcalledbthebsystemicbcirculation.bThebleftbventriclebisbabhigh-
pressurebchamber.bItsbwallbisbmuchbthickerbthanbthebrightbventricleb(thebrightbventriclebisb3btob5b
mmbthick;bthebleftbventriclebisb13btob15bmmbthick).bThisbisbbecausebthebleftbventriclebmustboverc
omebablotbofbpressurebandbresistancebfrombthebarteriesbandbcontractbforcefullybinborderbtobpumpb
bloodboutbtobthebbody.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebthebchambersbofbthebheartbandbthebvesselsbthatbenterborbleavebeach.
10. Thebthick,bmuscularbmiddleblayerbofbthebheartbwallbthatbcontainsbthebatrialbandbventricularb
musclebfibersbnecessarybforbcontractionbisbthe .
a.epicardium
b.pericardium
c.myocardium
d.endocardium
ANSWER:b C
Thebmyocardiumb(middleblayer)bisbabthick,bmuscularblayerbthatbconsistsbofbcardiacbmusclebfi
bersb(cells)bresponsiblebforbthebpumpingbactionbofbthebheart.
OBJ:b Describebthebstructurebandbfunctionbofbthebcoveringsbofbthebheart.
11. Bloodbflowsbfrombthebrightbatriumbthroughbthe valvebintobthebrightbventricle.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANSWER:b D
Bloodbflowsbfrombthebrightbatriumbthroughbthebtricuspidbvalvebintobthebrightbventricle.
OBJ:bBeginningbwithbthebrightbatrium,bdescribebbloodbflowbthroughbthebnormalbheartbandblungsbtobthebs
ystemicbcirculation.
12. Rapidbejectionbofbbloodbfrombthebventricularbchambersbofbthebheartboccursbbecausebthebb
b and
valvesbopen.
a. pulmonic;baortic
b. tricuspid;bmitral
c. pulmonic;bmitral
d. tricuspid;baortic
ANSWER:b A
, Whenbthebventriclesbcontract,bthebpulmonicbandbaorticbvalvesbopen,ballowingbbloodbtobflowboutbo
fbthebventricles.
OBJ:bNamebandbidentifybtheblocationbofbthebatrioventricularb(AV)bandbsemilunarb(SL)bvalves.
13. Thebbasebofbthebheartbisbfoundbatbapproximatelybtheblevelbofbthe rib(s).
a. first
b. second
c. fourth
d. fifthbandbsixth
ANSWER:b B
Thebbasebofbthebheartbisbitsbupperbportionbandbisbformedbmainlybbybthebleftbatrium,bwithbabsmallba
mountbofbrightbatrium.bItbliesbatbapproximatelybtheblevelbofbthebsecondbrib,bimmediatelybinbfrontb
ofbthebesophagusbandbdescendingbaorta.
OBJ:b Identifybthebsurfacesbofbthebheart.
14. Whichbofbthebfollowingbarebsemilunarbvalves?
a. Aorticbandbpulmonic
b. Aorticbandbtricuspid
c. Pulmonicbandbmitral
d. Tricuspidbandbmitral
ANSWER:b A
Thebpulmonicbandbaorticbvalvesbarebsemilunarb(SL)bvalves.bThebsemilunarbvalvesbpreventbb
ackflowbofbbloodbfrombthebaortabandbpulmonarybarteriesbintobthebventricles.
OBJ:bNamebandbidentifybtheblocationbofbthebatrioventricularb(AV)bandbsemilunarb(SL)bvalves.
15. Bloodbleavesbthebleftbventriclebthroughbthe
valvebtobthebaortabandbitsbbranchesbandbisb
distributedbthroughoutbthebbody.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANSWER:b B
Whenbthebleftbventriclebcontracts,bfreshlyboxygenatedbbloodbflowsbthroughbthebaorticbvalvebintobt
hebaortabandboutbtobthebbody.
OBJ:bBeginningbwithbthebrightbatrium,bdescribebbloodbflowbthroughbthebnormalbheartbandblungsbtobthebs
ystemicbcirculation.
16. Bloodbflowsbfrombthebleftbatriumbthroughbthe valvebintobthebleftbventricle.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANSWER:b A
Bloodbflowsbfrombthebleftbatriumbthroughbthebmitralb(bicuspid)bvalvebintobthebleftbventricle.
, OBJ:bBeginningbwithbthebrightbatrium,bdescribebbloodbflowbthroughbthebnormalbheartbandblungsbtobthebs
ystemicbcirculation.
17. Thebrightbventriclebexpelsbbloodbthroughbthe valvebintobthebpulmonarybtrunk.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANSWER:b C
Thebrightbventriclebexpelsbthebbloodbthroughbthebpulmonicbvalvebintobthebpulmonarybtrunk.bThebp
ulmonarybtrunkbdividesbintobabrightbandbleftbpulmonarybartery,beachbofbwhichbcarriesbbloodbtobon
eblungb(pulmonarybcircuit).
OBJ:bBeginningbwithbthebrightbatrium,bdescribebbloodbflowbthroughbthebnormalbheartbandblungsbtobthebs
ystemicbcirculation.
18. Thebprimarybneurotransmittersbofbthebsympatheticbdivisionbofbthebautonomicbnervousbsystemba
re .
a. dopaminebandbacetylcholine
b. muscarinebandbnorepinephrine
c. acetylcholinebandbepinephrine
d. norepinephrinebandbepinephrine
ANSWER:b D
Whenbsympatheticbnervesbarebstimulated,bthebneurotransmittersbnorepinephrinebandb
epinephrinebarebreleased.
OBJ:b Comparebandbcontrastbthebeffectsbofbsympatheticbandbparasympatheticbstimulationbofbthebheart.
19. Completebocclusionbofbthe
coronarybartery,balsobreferredbtobasbthebwidowbmaker,busuallybr
esultsbinbsuddenbdeath.
a. right
b. leftbmain
c. circumflex
d. leftbanteriorbdescending
ANSWER:b B
Completebocclusionbofbthebleftbmainbcoronarybartery,balsobreferredbtobasbthebwidowbmaker,busuallyb
resultsbinbsuddenbdeath.
OBJ:bNamebthebprimarybbranchesbandbareasbofbthebheartbsuppliedbbybthebrightbandbleftbcoronaryba
rteries.
20. Stimulationbofbbeta2breceptorbsitesbresultsbin .
a. increasedbheartbrate
b. peripheralbvasoconstriction
c. constrictionbofbrenalbbloodbvessels
d. dilationbofbbronchialbsmoothbmuscle
ANSWER:b D
, Beta2breceptorbsitesbarebfoundbinbthebarteriolesbofbthebheart,blungs,bandbskeletalbmuscle.bStimulatio
nbresultsbinbdilation.bStimulationbofbbeta2breceptorbsitesbinbthebsmoothbmusclebofbthebbronchibresult
sbinbdilation.
OBJ:b Comparebandbcontrastbthebeffectsbofbsympatheticbandbparasympatheticbstimulationbofbthebheart.
21. Chronotropybrefersbtobanbeffectbon .
a. heartbrate
b. forcebofbcontraction
c. bronchialbsmoothbmuscle
d. speedbofbconductionbthroughbthebatrioventricularbnode
ANSWER:b A
Chronobrefersbtobrate.bChronotropicbeffectbrefersbtobabchangebinbheartbrate.bPositivebchronotro
picbeffectbrefersbtobanbincreasebinbheartbrate.bNegativebchronotropicbeffectbrefersbtobabdecreasebinb
heartbrate.
OBJ:b Comparebandbcontrastbthebeffectsbofbsympatheticbandbparasympatheticbstimulationbofbthebheart.
22. Thebleftbmainbcoronarybarterybdividesbintobthe branches.
a. marginalbandbcircumflex
b. marginalbandbanteriorbdescending
c. anteriorbandbposteriorbdescending
d. anteriorbinterventricularbarterybdescendingbandbcircumflex
ANSWER:b D
Thebleftbmainbcoronarybarterybsuppliesboxygenatedbbloodbtobitsbtwobprimarybbranches:bthebleftba
nteriorbdescendingb(LAD)b(alsobcalledbthebanteriorbinterventricular)barterybandbthebcircumflex
barteryb(CX).
OBJ:bNamebthebprimarybbranchesbandbareasbofbthebheartbsuppliedbbybthebrightbandbleftbcoronaryba
rteries.
23. Thebprimarybneurotransmitterbofbthebparasympatheticbdivisionbofbthebautonomicbnervousbs
ystembis .
a. dopamine
b. muscarine
c. acetylcholine
d. norepinephrine
ANSWER:b C
Acetylcholineb(Ach)bisbabchemicalbmessengerb(neurotransmitter)breleasedbwhenb
parasympatheticbnervesbarebstimulated.bAchbbindsbtobparasympatheticbreceptors.
OBJ:b Comparebandbcontrastbthebeffectsbofbsympatheticbandbparasympatheticbstimulationbofbthebheart.
24. The arterybsuppliesbthebrightbatriumbandbventriclebwithbblood.
a. rightbcoronary
b. leftbmainbcoronary
c. leftbcircumflex
d. leftbanteriorbdescending
, ANSWER:b A
Thebrightbcoronarybarterybsuppliesbthebrightbatriumbandbventriclebwithbblood.
OBJ:bNamebthebprimarybbranchesbandbareasbofbthebheartbsuppliedbbybthebrightbandbleftbcoronaryba
rteries.
25. Thebtricuspidbvalvebis .
a. absemilunarbvalve
b. locatedbbetweenbthebleftbventriclebandbaorta
c. locatedbbetweenbthebrightbatriumbandbrightbventricle
d. locatedbbetweenbthebrightbventriclebandbpulmonarybartery
ANSWER:b C
Thebtricuspidbvalvebisblocatedbbetweenbthebrightbatriumbandbrightbventricle.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebtheblocationbofbthebatrioventricularb(AV)bandbsemilunarb(SL)bvalves.
26. Whenbthebleftbventriclebcontracts,bfreshlyboxygenatedbbloodbflowsbthroughbthe
valvebintobthe .
a. aortic;baorta
b. mitral;brightbatrium
c. tricuspid;brightbventricle
d. pulmonic;bpulmonarybarteries
ANSWER:b A
Whenbthebventriclesbcontract,bthebsemilunarbvalvesbopen,ballowingbbloodbtobflowboutbofbthebv
entricles.bWhenbthebrightbventriclebcontracts,bbloodbthatbisblowbinboxygenbflowsbthroughbthebpu
lmonicbvalvebintobthebrightbandbleftbpulmonarybarteries.bWhenbthebleftbventriclebcontracts,bfres
hlyboxygenatedbbloodbflowsbthroughbthebaorticbvalvebintobthebaortabandboutbtobthebbody.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebtheblocationbofbthebatrioventricularb(AV)bandbsemilunarb(SL)bvalves.
27. Thinbstrandsbofbfibrousbconnectivebtissuebextendbfrombthebatrioventricularb(AV)bvalvesbtobthebp
apillarybmusclesbandbpreventbthebAVbvalvesbfrombbulgingbbackbintobthebatriabduringbventricul
arbsystole.bThesebstrandsbarebcalled .
a. cardiacbcilia
b. Purkinjebfibers
c. papillarybmuscles
d. chordaebtendineae
ANSWER:b D
Chordaebtendineaebarebthinbstrandsbofbconnectivebtissue.bOnbonebend,btheybarebattachedbtobthebun
dersidebofbthebAVbvalves.bOnbthebotherbend,btheybarebattachedbtobsmallbmoundsbofbmyocardiumb
calledbpapillarybmuscles.bPapillarybmusclesbprojectbinwardbfrombtheblowerbportionbofbthebventri
cularbwalls.bWhenbthebventriclesbcontractbandbrelax,bsobdobthebpapillarybmuscles.bThebpapillaryb
musclesbadjustbtheirbtensionbonbthebchordaebtendineae,bpreventingbthembfrombbulgingbtoobfarbint
obthebatria.bCardiacbciliabarebnotbpresent.bPurkinjebfibersbarebrelatedbtobthebelectricalbsystembofbth
ebheartbandbnotbfibrousbconnectivebtissue.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebtheblocationbofbthebatrioventricularb(AV)bandbsemilunarb(SL)bvalves.
b b b b b
7th Edition by Barbara J Aehlert
b b b b b
Chapters 1 – 10 complete
b b b b
,ECGs Made Easy 7th Edition by Barbara Aehlert Test Bank
b b b b b b b b b
Table of Contents:
b b
Chapter 1. Anatomy & Physiology
b b b b
Chapter 2. Basic Electrophysiology
b b b
Chapter 3. Sinus Mechanisms
b b b
Chapter 4. Atrial Rhythms
b b b
Chapter 5. Junctional Rhythms
b b b
Chapter 6. Ventricular Rhythms
b b b
Chapter 7. Atrioventricular Blocks
b b b
Chapter 8. Pacemaker Rhythms
b b b
Chapter 9. Introduction to the 12-Lead ECG
b b b b b b
Chapter 10. Post-Test
b b
,prepared by stevesalvardo
b b
for any inquiry and further request email
b b b b b b
:
Chapter 01: Anatomy and Physiology
b b b b b
Aehlert: ECGs Made Easy, 7th Edition
b b b b b
MULTIPLEbCHOICE
1. bThebapexbofbthebheartbisbformedbbybthe .
a. tipbofbthebleftbventricle
b. tipbofbthebrightbatrium
c. rightbatriumbandbrightbventricle
d. leftbatriumbandbleftbventricle
ANSWER:b A
Thebheart’sbapex,borblowerbportion,bisbformedbbybthebtipbofbthebleftbventricle.bThebapexbliesbjustba
bovebthebdiaphragm,bbetweenbthebfifthbandbsixthbribs,binbthebmidclavicularbline.
OBJ:b Identifybthebsurfacesbofbthebheart.
2. Thebleftbatriumbreceivesbbloodbfrombthe .
a. pulmonarybveins
b. aorta
c. pulmonarybarteries
d. inferiorbvenabcava
ANSWER:b A
Thebleftbatriumbreceivesbfreshlyboxygenatedbbloodbfrombtheblungsbviabthebrightbandbleftbp
ulmonarybveins.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebthebchambersbofbthebheartbandbthebvesselsbthatbenterborbleavebeach.
3. Thebanteriorbsurfacebofbthebheartbconsistsbprimarilybofbthe .
a. leftbatrium
b. rightbatrium
c. leftbventricle
d. rightbventricle
ANSWER:b D
Thebfrontb(anterior)bsurfacebofbthebheartbliesbbehindbthebsternumbandbcostalbcartilages.bItbisbforme
dbbybportionsbofbthebrightbatriumbandbthebleftbandbrightbventricles.bHowever,bbecausebthebheartbisbt
iltedbslightlybtowardbthebleftbinbthebchest,bthebrightbventriclebisbthebareabofbthebheartbthatbliesbmostb
directlybbehindbthebsternum.
OBJ:b Identifybthebsurfacesbofbthebheart.
4. Bloodbpressurebisbdeterminedbby multipliedbby .
a. strokebvolume;bheartbrate
,b. heartbrate;bcardiacboutput
c. cardiacboutput;bperipheralbvascularbresistance
d. strokebvolume;bperipheralbvascularbresistance
ANSWER:b C
Bloodbpressurebisbequalbtobcardiacboutputbmultipliedbbybperipheralbvascularbresistance.
, OBJ:b Identifybandbexplainbthebcomponentsbofbbloodbpressurebandbcardiacboutput.
5. Thebrightbatriumbreceivesbvenousbbloodbfrombthebhead,bneck,bandbthoraxbviabthe
,bfrombthebremainderbofbthebbodybviabthe
,bandbfrombthebheartbviabthe .
a. coronarybsinus;bsuperiorbvenabcava;binferiorbvenabcava
b. superiorbvenabcava;bcoronarybsinus;binferiorbvenabcava
c. inferiorbvenabcava;bsuperiorbvenabcava;bcoronarybsinus
d. superiorbvenabcava;binferiorbvenabcava;bcoronarybsinus
ANSWER:b D
Thebrightbatriumbreceivesbbloodblowbinboxygenbfrombthebsuperiorbvenabcava,bwhichbcarriesbblo
odbfrombthebheadbandbupperbextremities;bthebinferiorbvenabcava,bwhichbcarriesbbloodbfrombthebl
owerbbody;bandbthebcoronarybsinus,bwhichbisbtheblargestbveinbthatbdrainsbthebheart.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebthebchambersbofbthebheartbandbthebvesselsbthatbenterborbleavebeach.
6. Thebheartbisbdividedbinto chambersbbutbfunctionsbasba -sidedbpump.
a. two;bfour
b. three;btwo
c. four;btwo
d. four;bthree
ANSWER:b C
Thebheartbhasbfourbchambers:btwobatriabandbtwobventricles.bThebrightbandbleftbsidesbofbthebheartbar
ebseparatedbbybanbinternalbwallbofbconnectivebtissuebcalledbabseptum.bThebinteratrialbseptumbsep
aratesbthebrightbandbleftbatria.bThebinterventricularbseptumbseparatesbthebrightbandbleftbventricles.
bThebseptabseparatebthebheartbintobtwobfunctional bpumps.bThebright batriumbandbright bventriclebm
akebupbonebpump.bThebleftbatriumbandbleftbventriclebmakebupbthebother.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebthebchambersbofbthebheartbandbthebvesselsbthatbenterborbleavebeach.
7. Stimulationbofbalpha1breceptorsbresultsbin .
a. increasedbheartbrate
b. peripheralbvasoconstriction
c. constrictionbofbbronchialbsmoothbmuscle
d. increasedbforcebofbmyocardialbcontraction
ANSWER:b B
Alpha1breceptorsbarebfoundbinbthebeyes,bbloodbvessels,bbladder,bandbmalebreproductiveborgans.bS
timulationbofbalpha1breceptorbsitesbresultsbinbconstriction.
OBJ:b Comparebandbcontrastbthebeffectsbofbsympatheticbandbparasympatheticbstimulationbofbthebheart.
8. Whichbsidebofbthebheartbisbablow-pressurebsystembthatbpumpsbvenousbbloodbtobtheblungs?
a. Left
b. Right
ANSWER:b B
Thebjobbofbthebrightbsidebofbthebheartbisbtobpumpbunoxygenatedbbloodbtobandbthroughbtheblungsbtob
thebleftbsidebofbthebheart.bThisbisbcalledbthebpulmonarybcirculation.bThebrightbsidebofbthebheartbisbabl
ow-pressurebsystem.
, OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebthebchambersbofbthebheartbandbthebvesselsbthatbenterborbleavebeach.
9. Whichbsidebofbthebheartbisbabhigh-
pressurebsystembthatbpumpsbarterialbbloodbtobthebsystemicbcirculation?
a. Left
b. Right
ANSWER:b A
Thebleftbsidebofbthebheartbisbabhigh-
pressurebpump.bThebjobbofbthebleftbheartbisbtobreceiveboxygenatedbbloodbandbpumpbitboutbtobtheb
restbofbthebbody.bThisbisbcalledbthebsystemicbcirculation.bThebleftbventriclebisbabhigh-
pressurebchamber.bItsbwallbisbmuchbthickerbthanbthebrightbventricleb(thebrightbventriclebisb3btob5b
mmbthick;bthebleftbventriclebisb13btob15bmmbthick).bThisbisbbecausebthebleftbventriclebmustboverc
omebablotbofbpressurebandbresistancebfrombthebarteriesbandbcontractbforcefullybinborderbtobpumpb
bloodboutbtobthebbody.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebthebchambersbofbthebheartbandbthebvesselsbthatbenterborbleavebeach.
10. Thebthick,bmuscularbmiddleblayerbofbthebheartbwallbthatbcontainsbthebatrialbandbventricularb
musclebfibersbnecessarybforbcontractionbisbthe .
a.epicardium
b.pericardium
c.myocardium
d.endocardium
ANSWER:b C
Thebmyocardiumb(middleblayer)bisbabthick,bmuscularblayerbthatbconsistsbofbcardiacbmusclebfi
bersb(cells)bresponsiblebforbthebpumpingbactionbofbthebheart.
OBJ:b Describebthebstructurebandbfunctionbofbthebcoveringsbofbthebheart.
11. Bloodbflowsbfrombthebrightbatriumbthroughbthe valvebintobthebrightbventricle.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANSWER:b D
Bloodbflowsbfrombthebrightbatriumbthroughbthebtricuspidbvalvebintobthebrightbventricle.
OBJ:bBeginningbwithbthebrightbatrium,bdescribebbloodbflowbthroughbthebnormalbheartbandblungsbtobthebs
ystemicbcirculation.
12. Rapidbejectionbofbbloodbfrombthebventricularbchambersbofbthebheartboccursbbecausebthebb
b and
valvesbopen.
a. pulmonic;baortic
b. tricuspid;bmitral
c. pulmonic;bmitral
d. tricuspid;baortic
ANSWER:b A
, Whenbthebventriclesbcontract,bthebpulmonicbandbaorticbvalvesbopen,ballowingbbloodbtobflowboutbo
fbthebventricles.
OBJ:bNamebandbidentifybtheblocationbofbthebatrioventricularb(AV)bandbsemilunarb(SL)bvalves.
13. Thebbasebofbthebheartbisbfoundbatbapproximatelybtheblevelbofbthe rib(s).
a. first
b. second
c. fourth
d. fifthbandbsixth
ANSWER:b B
Thebbasebofbthebheartbisbitsbupperbportionbandbisbformedbmainlybbybthebleftbatrium,bwithbabsmallba
mountbofbrightbatrium.bItbliesbatbapproximatelybtheblevelbofbthebsecondbrib,bimmediatelybinbfrontb
ofbthebesophagusbandbdescendingbaorta.
OBJ:b Identifybthebsurfacesbofbthebheart.
14. Whichbofbthebfollowingbarebsemilunarbvalves?
a. Aorticbandbpulmonic
b. Aorticbandbtricuspid
c. Pulmonicbandbmitral
d. Tricuspidbandbmitral
ANSWER:b A
Thebpulmonicbandbaorticbvalvesbarebsemilunarb(SL)bvalves.bThebsemilunarbvalvesbpreventbb
ackflowbofbbloodbfrombthebaortabandbpulmonarybarteriesbintobthebventricles.
OBJ:bNamebandbidentifybtheblocationbofbthebatrioventricularb(AV)bandbsemilunarb(SL)bvalves.
15. Bloodbleavesbthebleftbventriclebthroughbthe
valvebtobthebaortabandbitsbbranchesbandbisb
distributedbthroughoutbthebbody.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANSWER:b B
Whenbthebleftbventriclebcontracts,bfreshlyboxygenatedbbloodbflowsbthroughbthebaorticbvalvebintobt
hebaortabandboutbtobthebbody.
OBJ:bBeginningbwithbthebrightbatrium,bdescribebbloodbflowbthroughbthebnormalbheartbandblungsbtobthebs
ystemicbcirculation.
16. Bloodbflowsbfrombthebleftbatriumbthroughbthe valvebintobthebleftbventricle.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANSWER:b A
Bloodbflowsbfrombthebleftbatriumbthroughbthebmitralb(bicuspid)bvalvebintobthebleftbventricle.
, OBJ:bBeginningbwithbthebrightbatrium,bdescribebbloodbflowbthroughbthebnormalbheartbandblungsbtobthebs
ystemicbcirculation.
17. Thebrightbventriclebexpelsbbloodbthroughbthe valvebintobthebpulmonarybtrunk.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANSWER:b C
Thebrightbventriclebexpelsbthebbloodbthroughbthebpulmonicbvalvebintobthebpulmonarybtrunk.bThebp
ulmonarybtrunkbdividesbintobabrightbandbleftbpulmonarybartery,beachbofbwhichbcarriesbbloodbtobon
eblungb(pulmonarybcircuit).
OBJ:bBeginningbwithbthebrightbatrium,bdescribebbloodbflowbthroughbthebnormalbheartbandblungsbtobthebs
ystemicbcirculation.
18. Thebprimarybneurotransmittersbofbthebsympatheticbdivisionbofbthebautonomicbnervousbsystemba
re .
a. dopaminebandbacetylcholine
b. muscarinebandbnorepinephrine
c. acetylcholinebandbepinephrine
d. norepinephrinebandbepinephrine
ANSWER:b D
Whenbsympatheticbnervesbarebstimulated,bthebneurotransmittersbnorepinephrinebandb
epinephrinebarebreleased.
OBJ:b Comparebandbcontrastbthebeffectsbofbsympatheticbandbparasympatheticbstimulationbofbthebheart.
19. Completebocclusionbofbthe
coronarybartery,balsobreferredbtobasbthebwidowbmaker,busuallybr
esultsbinbsuddenbdeath.
a. right
b. leftbmain
c. circumflex
d. leftbanteriorbdescending
ANSWER:b B
Completebocclusionbofbthebleftbmainbcoronarybartery,balsobreferredbtobasbthebwidowbmaker,busuallyb
resultsbinbsuddenbdeath.
OBJ:bNamebthebprimarybbranchesbandbareasbofbthebheartbsuppliedbbybthebrightbandbleftbcoronaryba
rteries.
20. Stimulationbofbbeta2breceptorbsitesbresultsbin .
a. increasedbheartbrate
b. peripheralbvasoconstriction
c. constrictionbofbrenalbbloodbvessels
d. dilationbofbbronchialbsmoothbmuscle
ANSWER:b D
, Beta2breceptorbsitesbarebfoundbinbthebarteriolesbofbthebheart,blungs,bandbskeletalbmuscle.bStimulatio
nbresultsbinbdilation.bStimulationbofbbeta2breceptorbsitesbinbthebsmoothbmusclebofbthebbronchibresult
sbinbdilation.
OBJ:b Comparebandbcontrastbthebeffectsbofbsympatheticbandbparasympatheticbstimulationbofbthebheart.
21. Chronotropybrefersbtobanbeffectbon .
a. heartbrate
b. forcebofbcontraction
c. bronchialbsmoothbmuscle
d. speedbofbconductionbthroughbthebatrioventricularbnode
ANSWER:b A
Chronobrefersbtobrate.bChronotropicbeffectbrefersbtobabchangebinbheartbrate.bPositivebchronotro
picbeffectbrefersbtobanbincreasebinbheartbrate.bNegativebchronotropicbeffectbrefersbtobabdecreasebinb
heartbrate.
OBJ:b Comparebandbcontrastbthebeffectsbofbsympatheticbandbparasympatheticbstimulationbofbthebheart.
22. Thebleftbmainbcoronarybarterybdividesbintobthe branches.
a. marginalbandbcircumflex
b. marginalbandbanteriorbdescending
c. anteriorbandbposteriorbdescending
d. anteriorbinterventricularbarterybdescendingbandbcircumflex
ANSWER:b D
Thebleftbmainbcoronarybarterybsuppliesboxygenatedbbloodbtobitsbtwobprimarybbranches:bthebleftba
nteriorbdescendingb(LAD)b(alsobcalledbthebanteriorbinterventricular)barterybandbthebcircumflex
barteryb(CX).
OBJ:bNamebthebprimarybbranchesbandbareasbofbthebheartbsuppliedbbybthebrightbandbleftbcoronaryba
rteries.
23. Thebprimarybneurotransmitterbofbthebparasympatheticbdivisionbofbthebautonomicbnervousbs
ystembis .
a. dopamine
b. muscarine
c. acetylcholine
d. norepinephrine
ANSWER:b C
Acetylcholineb(Ach)bisbabchemicalbmessengerb(neurotransmitter)breleasedbwhenb
parasympatheticbnervesbarebstimulated.bAchbbindsbtobparasympatheticbreceptors.
OBJ:b Comparebandbcontrastbthebeffectsbofbsympatheticbandbparasympatheticbstimulationbofbthebheart.
24. The arterybsuppliesbthebrightbatriumbandbventriclebwithbblood.
a. rightbcoronary
b. leftbmainbcoronary
c. leftbcircumflex
d. leftbanteriorbdescending
, ANSWER:b A
Thebrightbcoronarybarterybsuppliesbthebrightbatriumbandbventriclebwithbblood.
OBJ:bNamebthebprimarybbranchesbandbareasbofbthebheartbsuppliedbbybthebrightbandbleftbcoronaryba
rteries.
25. Thebtricuspidbvalvebis .
a. absemilunarbvalve
b. locatedbbetweenbthebleftbventriclebandbaorta
c. locatedbbetweenbthebrightbatriumbandbrightbventricle
d. locatedbbetweenbthebrightbventriclebandbpulmonarybartery
ANSWER:b C
Thebtricuspidbvalvebisblocatedbbetweenbthebrightbatriumbandbrightbventricle.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebtheblocationbofbthebatrioventricularb(AV)bandbsemilunarb(SL)bvalves.
26. Whenbthebleftbventriclebcontracts,bfreshlyboxygenatedbbloodbflowsbthroughbthe
valvebintobthe .
a. aortic;baorta
b. mitral;brightbatrium
c. tricuspid;brightbventricle
d. pulmonic;bpulmonarybarteries
ANSWER:b A
Whenbthebventriclesbcontract,bthebsemilunarbvalvesbopen,ballowingbbloodbtobflowboutbofbthebv
entricles.bWhenbthebrightbventriclebcontracts,bbloodbthatbisblowbinboxygenbflowsbthroughbthebpu
lmonicbvalvebintobthebrightbandbleftbpulmonarybarteries.bWhenbthebleftbventriclebcontracts,bfres
hlyboxygenatedbbloodbflowsbthroughbthebaorticbvalvebintobthebaortabandboutbtobthebbody.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebtheblocationbofbthebatrioventricularb(AV)bandbsemilunarb(SL)bvalves.
27. Thinbstrandsbofbfibrousbconnectivebtissuebextendbfrombthebatrioventricularb(AV)bvalvesbtobthebp
apillarybmusclesbandbpreventbthebAVbvalvesbfrombbulgingbbackbintobthebatriabduringbventricul
arbsystole.bThesebstrandsbarebcalled .
a. cardiacbcilia
b. Purkinjebfibers
c. papillarybmuscles
d. chordaebtendineae
ANSWER:b D
Chordaebtendineaebarebthinbstrandsbofbconnectivebtissue.bOnbonebend,btheybarebattachedbtobthebun
dersidebofbthebAVbvalves.bOnbthebotherbend,btheybarebattachedbtobsmallbmoundsbofbmyocardiumb
calledbpapillarybmuscles.bPapillarybmusclesbprojectbinwardbfrombtheblowerbportionbofbthebventri
cularbwalls.bWhenbthebventriclesbcontractbandbrelax,bsobdobthebpapillarybmuscles.bThebpapillaryb
musclesbadjustbtheirbtensionbonbthebchordaebtendineae,bpreventingbthembfrombbulgingbtoobfarbint
obthebatria.bCardiacbciliabarebnotbpresent.bPurkinjebfibersbarebrelatedbtobthebelectricalbsystembofbth
ebheartbandbnotbfibrousbconnectivebtissue.
OBJ:b Identifybandbdescribebtheblocationbofbthebatrioventricularb(AV)bandbsemilunarb(SL)bvalves.
