WGU D431 FORENSICS EXAMS EVALUATION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Curriculum vitae (CV) - ✔✔An extensive document expounding one's experience
and qualifications for a position, similar to a résumé but with more detail. In academia
and expert work, it is usually used rather than a résumé.
✔✔Cyberstalking - ✔✔The use of electronic communications to harass or threaten
another person.
✔✔Data consistency - ✔✔The act of ensuring the data that is extracted is consistent.
✔✔Daubert standard - ✔✔The standard holding that only methods and tools widely
accepted in the scientific community can be used in court.
✔✔Demonstrative evidence - ✔✔Information that helps explain other evidence. An
example is a chart that explains a technical concept to the judge and jury.
✔✔Denial-of-service (DoS) attack - ✔✔An attack designed to overwhelm the target
system so it can no longer reply to legitimate requests for connection.
✔✔Digital evidence - ✔✔Information that has been processed and assembled so that it
is relevant to an investigation and supports a specific finding or determination.
✔✔Digital forensics - ✔✔Computer forensics expanded to include smartphones, smart
watches, and other current and forthcoming digital media and devices.
✔✔Disaster recovery plan (DRP) - ✔✔A plan for returning the business to full normal
operations.
✔✔Disk forensics - ✔✔The process of acquiring and analyzing information stored on
physical storage media, such as computer hard drives or smartphones.
✔✔Disk Operating System (DOS) - ✔✔A command-line operating system.
✔✔Disk striping - ✔✔Distribution of data across multiple disk sectors to improve speed
(also called RAID 0).
✔✔Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack - ✔✔An attack in which the attacker
seeks to infect several machines and use those machines to overwhelm the target
system to achieve a denial of service.
,✔✔Documentary evidence - ✔✔Data stored in written form, on paper or in electronic
files, such as email messages and telephone call-detail records. Investigators must
authenticate documentary evidence.
✔✔Drive geometry - ✔✔The functional dimensions of a drive in terms of the number of
heads, cylinders, and sectors per track.
✔✔Dump - ✔✔A complete copy of every bit of memory or cache recorded in permanent
storage or printed on paper.
✔✔Electronic serial number (ESN) - ✔✔A unique identification number developed by
the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to identify cell phones.
✔✔Email forensics - ✔✔The study of the source and content of email as evidence,
including the identification of the sender, recipient, date, time, and origination location of
an email message.
✔✔Enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) - ✔✔A technology that does not fit
neatly into the 2G/3G/4G spectrum. It is technically considered pre-3G but was an
improvement on GSM (2G).
✔✔Euler's Totient - ✔✔The total number of coprime numbers. Two numbers are
considered coprime if they have no common factors.
✔✔Expert report - ✔✔A formal document prepared by a forensics specialist to
document an investigation, including a list of all tests conducted as well as the
specialist's own curriculum vitae (CV). Anything the specialist plans to testify about at a
trial must be included in the expert report.
✔✔Expert testimony - ✔✔The testimony of an expert witness, one who testifies on the
basis of scientific or technical knowledge relevant to a case, rather than personal
experience.
✔✔Feistel function - ✔✔A cryptographic function that splits blocks of data into two parts.
It is one of the most influential developments in symmetric block ciphers.
✔✔File allocation table (FAT) - ✔✔The table used to store cluster/file information.
✔✔File slack - ✔✔The unused space between the logical end of file and the physical
end of file. It is also called slack space.
✔✔Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) - ✔✔A U.S. law that prescribes
procedures for the physical and electronic surveillance and collection of "foreign
intelligence information" between foreign powers and agents of foreign powers, which
, may include U.S. citizens and permanent residents suspected of espionage or
terrorism.
✔✔Fraud - ✔✔A broad category of crime that can encompass many different activities,
but essentially any attempt to gain financial reward through deception.
✔✔Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications - ✔✔A standard developed by the
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Basically, it is the 2G
network.
✔✔Grand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) - ✔✔A newer Linux boot loader.
✔✔Graphical user interface (GUI) - ✔✔A point-and-click user interface.
✔✔grep - ✔✔A popular Linux/UNIX search tool.
✔✔Hash - ✔✔A function that is nonreversible, takes variable-length input, produces
fixed-length output, and has few or no collisions.
✔✔Heap (H) - ✔✔Dynamic memory for a program comes from the heap segment. A
process may use a memory allocator such as malloc to request dynamic memory.
✔✔Hierarchical storage management (HSM) - ✔✔Continuous online backup storage.
✔✔High-level format - ✔✔Setting up an empty file system and installing a boot sector in
a drive. Also called a quick format.
✔✔Hive - ✔✔One of the five sections of the Windows Registry.
✔✔Home location register (HLR) - ✔✔The database used by the MSC for subscriber
data and service information.
✔✔Identity theft - ✔✔Any use of another person's identity.
✔✔Inode - ✔✔A data structure in the file system that stores all the information about a
file except its name and its actual data.
✔✔Integrated circuit card identifier (ICCID) - ✔✔A unique serial number that identifies
each SIM. These numbers are engraved on the SIM during manufacturing.
✔✔International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number - ✔✔A unique number
identifying GSM, LTE, and other types of phones. The first 8 bits of the ESN identify the
manufacturer, and the subsequent 24 bits uniquely identify the phone.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Curriculum vitae (CV) - ✔✔An extensive document expounding one's experience
and qualifications for a position, similar to a résumé but with more detail. In academia
and expert work, it is usually used rather than a résumé.
✔✔Cyberstalking - ✔✔The use of electronic communications to harass or threaten
another person.
✔✔Data consistency - ✔✔The act of ensuring the data that is extracted is consistent.
✔✔Daubert standard - ✔✔The standard holding that only methods and tools widely
accepted in the scientific community can be used in court.
✔✔Demonstrative evidence - ✔✔Information that helps explain other evidence. An
example is a chart that explains a technical concept to the judge and jury.
✔✔Denial-of-service (DoS) attack - ✔✔An attack designed to overwhelm the target
system so it can no longer reply to legitimate requests for connection.
✔✔Digital evidence - ✔✔Information that has been processed and assembled so that it
is relevant to an investigation and supports a specific finding or determination.
✔✔Digital forensics - ✔✔Computer forensics expanded to include smartphones, smart
watches, and other current and forthcoming digital media and devices.
✔✔Disaster recovery plan (DRP) - ✔✔A plan for returning the business to full normal
operations.
✔✔Disk forensics - ✔✔The process of acquiring and analyzing information stored on
physical storage media, such as computer hard drives or smartphones.
✔✔Disk Operating System (DOS) - ✔✔A command-line operating system.
✔✔Disk striping - ✔✔Distribution of data across multiple disk sectors to improve speed
(also called RAID 0).
✔✔Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack - ✔✔An attack in which the attacker
seeks to infect several machines and use those machines to overwhelm the target
system to achieve a denial of service.
,✔✔Documentary evidence - ✔✔Data stored in written form, on paper or in electronic
files, such as email messages and telephone call-detail records. Investigators must
authenticate documentary evidence.
✔✔Drive geometry - ✔✔The functional dimensions of a drive in terms of the number of
heads, cylinders, and sectors per track.
✔✔Dump - ✔✔A complete copy of every bit of memory or cache recorded in permanent
storage or printed on paper.
✔✔Electronic serial number (ESN) - ✔✔A unique identification number developed by
the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to identify cell phones.
✔✔Email forensics - ✔✔The study of the source and content of email as evidence,
including the identification of the sender, recipient, date, time, and origination location of
an email message.
✔✔Enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) - ✔✔A technology that does not fit
neatly into the 2G/3G/4G spectrum. It is technically considered pre-3G but was an
improvement on GSM (2G).
✔✔Euler's Totient - ✔✔The total number of coprime numbers. Two numbers are
considered coprime if they have no common factors.
✔✔Expert report - ✔✔A formal document prepared by a forensics specialist to
document an investigation, including a list of all tests conducted as well as the
specialist's own curriculum vitae (CV). Anything the specialist plans to testify about at a
trial must be included in the expert report.
✔✔Expert testimony - ✔✔The testimony of an expert witness, one who testifies on the
basis of scientific or technical knowledge relevant to a case, rather than personal
experience.
✔✔Feistel function - ✔✔A cryptographic function that splits blocks of data into two parts.
It is one of the most influential developments in symmetric block ciphers.
✔✔File allocation table (FAT) - ✔✔The table used to store cluster/file information.
✔✔File slack - ✔✔The unused space between the logical end of file and the physical
end of file. It is also called slack space.
✔✔Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) - ✔✔A U.S. law that prescribes
procedures for the physical and electronic surveillance and collection of "foreign
intelligence information" between foreign powers and agents of foreign powers, which
, may include U.S. citizens and permanent residents suspected of espionage or
terrorism.
✔✔Fraud - ✔✔A broad category of crime that can encompass many different activities,
but essentially any attempt to gain financial reward through deception.
✔✔Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications - ✔✔A standard developed by the
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Basically, it is the 2G
network.
✔✔Grand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) - ✔✔A newer Linux boot loader.
✔✔Graphical user interface (GUI) - ✔✔A point-and-click user interface.
✔✔grep - ✔✔A popular Linux/UNIX search tool.
✔✔Hash - ✔✔A function that is nonreversible, takes variable-length input, produces
fixed-length output, and has few or no collisions.
✔✔Heap (H) - ✔✔Dynamic memory for a program comes from the heap segment. A
process may use a memory allocator such as malloc to request dynamic memory.
✔✔Hierarchical storage management (HSM) - ✔✔Continuous online backup storage.
✔✔High-level format - ✔✔Setting up an empty file system and installing a boot sector in
a drive. Also called a quick format.
✔✔Hive - ✔✔One of the five sections of the Windows Registry.
✔✔Home location register (HLR) - ✔✔The database used by the MSC for subscriber
data and service information.
✔✔Identity theft - ✔✔Any use of another person's identity.
✔✔Inode - ✔✔A data structure in the file system that stores all the information about a
file except its name and its actual data.
✔✔Integrated circuit card identifier (ICCID) - ✔✔A unique serial number that identifies
each SIM. These numbers are engraved on the SIM during manufacturing.
✔✔International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number - ✔✔A unique number
identifying GSM, LTE, and other types of phones. The first 8 bits of the ESN identify the
manufacturer, and the subsequent 24 bits uniquely identify the phone.
