BPK 241 STUDY EXAM UPDATED GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Ankle Stability - ✔✔Bony Structure, Capsule, Ligaments, Muscles
✔✔Ankle Strain - ✔✔Hx: Injury to tendon or muscle, sudden stretch (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
SSx: Pain, Tenderness, May feel or hear "snap", Limp with 2nd or 3rd
Tx: RICE, Tape or cast, ROM exercises, Physio
✔✔Tendonitis - ✔✔Hx: Acute strain or overuse
SSx: Tenderness, Crepitus, Swelling/bogginess
Tx: Compete tendon rest, NSAID, Physio, ROM exercises, Tape, Slow return to
exercise
✔✔Ankle Sprain - ✔✔Acute injury to ligament(s)
✔✔1st degree Ankle Sprain - ✔✔Partial tear of ligament(s)
SSx: mild tenderness, pain, swelling, NO snap, no limp, no increase laxity
Tx: RICE, reduce predisposing factors
✔✔2nd degree Ankle Sprain - ✔✔Tear of ligament(s)-incomplete
SSx: Snap, pain, tenderness, swelling, bruising, limp, increased laxity (has end-point)
Tx: RICE-2 days of absolute rest, Air cast, tape or plaster cast, NSAID, Physio, Rehab
exercises indefinitely
✔✔3rd degree Ankle Sprain - ✔✔Complete rupture of ligament(s)
SSx: Same as 2nd but more severe, increase laxity, no firm end point, higher risk of
fracture or dislocation
Tx: Stabilize (NPO); get medical attention, may need X-ray, surgery, cast, Physio, rehab
same as 2nd
✔✔Ankle Sprain Complications - ✔✔Recurrence, Chronic Instability, Fracture,
Dislocation, Subtalar joint injury
✔✔Ottawa Ankle Rules - ✔✔Pain over distal 6 cm inferior or posterior pole of medial or
lateral malleolus, Inability to weight bear at time of injury, Inability to weight bear 4 steps
at time of examination
✔✔Ankle Rehab - ✔✔Activity Modification/Controlled Weight Bearing, ROM Exercises,
Strengthening, Balance/Proprioception, Running Progression, Return to Sport
✔✔Skin Function - ✔✔Protection, Thermoregulation, Sensation, Excretion
✔✔Skin Structure - ✔✔
, ✔✔Skin Disorders - ✔✔Hyperhidrosis, Blisters, Calluses, Corns, Ingrown nail
✔✔Skin Fungal Infections - ✔✔Cause: Warmth, Darkness, Moisture, Contamination
Varieties: Corporis, Capitis, Cruris, Pedis, Unguium
✔✔Foot Bones - ✔✔
✔✔Foot Joints - ✔✔Subtalar, Hindfoot and Midfoot, Metatarsophalangeal,
Interphalangeal
✔✔Foot Muscles - ✔✔FHL,FHB, FDL, FDB, EHL, EHB, EDL, EDB
✔✔Foot Arches - ✔✔
✔✔Foot Support - ✔✔Bony Anatomy, Ligaments (Long plantar and Calcaneonavicular),
Tendons (Peroneus), Muscle activity
✔✔Plantar Neuroma - ✔✔Between MTs 3 and 4
Causes: Running, pounding, tight shoes
DDx: Anterior Arch Sprain
SSx: Lateral forefoot pain: intermittent, Spontaneous, Reduced when barefoot,
Excruciating, Click and pain with MT compression
Tx: Wider shoes, MT arch pads, steroid injection, surgery
✔✔Arch Sprains - ✔✔Spring ligament
Causes: Obesity, heredity, overuse, fatigue, poor footwear, hard surfaces
SSx: Pain with use, more when barefoot, 1st degree-slight soreness, 2nd- inflammation,
drop, 3rd- fallen arch
Tx: minimize work on hard surface, support arches, orthotics
✔✔Plantar Fasciitis - ✔✔Predisposing factors: Pes cavus or pes planus, running
SSx: Pain in medial arch/medial distal heel, pain worst in morning and with sitting,
swelling and tenderness, heel spur on X-ray
Tx: adequate rest, stretching exercises, physio with ultrasound, soft orthotics, gradual
return to exercise (supervised)
✔✔Foot Fractures - ✔✔General considerations: Hx, deformity, crepitus, tenderness
Tx: RICE, splint, transport, X-ray
✔✔Lower Leg Bones - ✔✔
✔✔Lower Leg Joints - ✔✔
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Ankle Stability - ✔✔Bony Structure, Capsule, Ligaments, Muscles
✔✔Ankle Strain - ✔✔Hx: Injury to tendon or muscle, sudden stretch (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
SSx: Pain, Tenderness, May feel or hear "snap", Limp with 2nd or 3rd
Tx: RICE, Tape or cast, ROM exercises, Physio
✔✔Tendonitis - ✔✔Hx: Acute strain or overuse
SSx: Tenderness, Crepitus, Swelling/bogginess
Tx: Compete tendon rest, NSAID, Physio, ROM exercises, Tape, Slow return to
exercise
✔✔Ankle Sprain - ✔✔Acute injury to ligament(s)
✔✔1st degree Ankle Sprain - ✔✔Partial tear of ligament(s)
SSx: mild tenderness, pain, swelling, NO snap, no limp, no increase laxity
Tx: RICE, reduce predisposing factors
✔✔2nd degree Ankle Sprain - ✔✔Tear of ligament(s)-incomplete
SSx: Snap, pain, tenderness, swelling, bruising, limp, increased laxity (has end-point)
Tx: RICE-2 days of absolute rest, Air cast, tape or plaster cast, NSAID, Physio, Rehab
exercises indefinitely
✔✔3rd degree Ankle Sprain - ✔✔Complete rupture of ligament(s)
SSx: Same as 2nd but more severe, increase laxity, no firm end point, higher risk of
fracture or dislocation
Tx: Stabilize (NPO); get medical attention, may need X-ray, surgery, cast, Physio, rehab
same as 2nd
✔✔Ankle Sprain Complications - ✔✔Recurrence, Chronic Instability, Fracture,
Dislocation, Subtalar joint injury
✔✔Ottawa Ankle Rules - ✔✔Pain over distal 6 cm inferior or posterior pole of medial or
lateral malleolus, Inability to weight bear at time of injury, Inability to weight bear 4 steps
at time of examination
✔✔Ankle Rehab - ✔✔Activity Modification/Controlled Weight Bearing, ROM Exercises,
Strengthening, Balance/Proprioception, Running Progression, Return to Sport
✔✔Skin Function - ✔✔Protection, Thermoregulation, Sensation, Excretion
✔✔Skin Structure - ✔✔
, ✔✔Skin Disorders - ✔✔Hyperhidrosis, Blisters, Calluses, Corns, Ingrown nail
✔✔Skin Fungal Infections - ✔✔Cause: Warmth, Darkness, Moisture, Contamination
Varieties: Corporis, Capitis, Cruris, Pedis, Unguium
✔✔Foot Bones - ✔✔
✔✔Foot Joints - ✔✔Subtalar, Hindfoot and Midfoot, Metatarsophalangeal,
Interphalangeal
✔✔Foot Muscles - ✔✔FHL,FHB, FDL, FDB, EHL, EHB, EDL, EDB
✔✔Foot Arches - ✔✔
✔✔Foot Support - ✔✔Bony Anatomy, Ligaments (Long plantar and Calcaneonavicular),
Tendons (Peroneus), Muscle activity
✔✔Plantar Neuroma - ✔✔Between MTs 3 and 4
Causes: Running, pounding, tight shoes
DDx: Anterior Arch Sprain
SSx: Lateral forefoot pain: intermittent, Spontaneous, Reduced when barefoot,
Excruciating, Click and pain with MT compression
Tx: Wider shoes, MT arch pads, steroid injection, surgery
✔✔Arch Sprains - ✔✔Spring ligament
Causes: Obesity, heredity, overuse, fatigue, poor footwear, hard surfaces
SSx: Pain with use, more when barefoot, 1st degree-slight soreness, 2nd- inflammation,
drop, 3rd- fallen arch
Tx: minimize work on hard surface, support arches, orthotics
✔✔Plantar Fasciitis - ✔✔Predisposing factors: Pes cavus or pes planus, running
SSx: Pain in medial arch/medial distal heel, pain worst in morning and with sitting,
swelling and tenderness, heel spur on X-ray
Tx: adequate rest, stretching exercises, physio with ultrasound, soft orthotics, gradual
return to exercise (supervised)
✔✔Foot Fractures - ✔✔General considerations: Hx, deformity, crepitus, tenderness
Tx: RICE, splint, transport, X-ray
✔✔Lower Leg Bones - ✔✔
✔✔Lower Leg Joints - ✔✔
