BPK 241 LATEST EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔what is the history for a lateral collateral ligament sprain? - ✔✔Impact from medial
side, athlete might report a "pop", varus force applied, often from a fall, not a very
common injury.
✔✔what is the assessment for a lateral collateral ligament sprain? - ✔✔Generalized
swelling, laxity with either one of or both Varus stress tests, limited ROM KF/KE, TOP
over LCL
✔✔what is the treatment for a lateral collateral ligament sprain? - ✔✔Avoid varus forces
during daily activities, restore ROM, DTFM, brace, surgery very rare
✔✔what is the history for terrible (unhappy) triad? - ✔✔Generally impact, can occur
non-contact as well, lateral impact to leg.
✔✔what is the assessment for terrible (unhappy) triad? - ✔✔Lots of swelling, positive
ACL tests, MCL tests, medial meniscus tests, intra-capsular swelling tests.
✔✔what is the treatment for terrible (unhappy) triad? - ✔✔treat as per each individual
injury.
✔✔what is the history of a meniscus tear? - ✔✔Usually planted foot with a rotary force,
athlete twists with foot planted, clicking, popping, locking, can also present as chronic
condition in older athletes, knee can feel unstable.
✔✔what is the assessment of a meniscus tear? - ✔✔positive Apley's and McMurray's
tests, IR stresses lateral meniscus, ER stresses medial meniscus, positive intra-
capsular swelling tests, TOP along either medial or lateral joint line depending on which
meniscus is damaged.
✔✔what is the treatment of a meniscus tear? - ✔✔POLICE, AROM, open-chain
strengthening exercises, possible surgery.
✔✔what is the history of a patellar dislocation/subluxation? - ✔✔dislocation - kneecap
completely comes out of groove, subluxation - patellae slipped out of groove, came out
partly. Patellae dislocates almost exclusively laterally, can be from impact, or non-
contact, generally valgus orientation, extremely painful.
✔✔what is the assessment of a patellar dislocation/subluxation? - ✔✔Limited ROM
KF/KE, weakness KE, swelling, positive lateral apprehension test, TOP over medial
retinaculum.
, ✔✔what is the treatment of a patellar dislocation/subluxation? - ✔✔If dislocated
immobilize and treat like a fracture, don't move athlete, call 911. If occurred in past, start
to strengthen quadriceps, use a brace, restore squat pattern
✔✔what is the history of patellofemoral pain syndrome? - ✔✔Chronic injury, repetitive
KF/KE, common in running and running sports, pain behind knee cap, pain worse when
sitting with knee bent or when exercising, has been getting progressively worse.
✔✔what is the assessment of patellofemoral pain syndrome? - ✔✔poor squat pattern,
generally VMO contraction test positive (inhibited), positive patellofemoral grind test,
TOP to dorsal patellae.
✔✔what is the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome? - ✔✔Rest, ice,
biomechanical correction, squat pattern education, patellar taping or strap, stretch and
strengthen quads, hip flexors, hip abductors.
✔✔what is the history of iliotibial band friction syndrome? - ✔✔Gradual onset,
increasing symptoms with activity, pain is on lateral side of knee, pain worse with going
down stairs, change in training habits.
✔✔what is the assessment of iliotibial band friction syndrome? - ✔✔Positive Ober's
length test, positive Noble's compression test, potentially weak hip abductors, poor
squat mechanics, TOP over ITB (sometimes).
✔✔what is the treatment of iliotibial band friction syndrome? - ✔✔POLIE (No C!),
Correct biomechanics, hip strengthening if weak, can provide stretches for tight
structures, rolling on ITB.
✔✔what is the history of a hamstring strain? - ✔✔Acute injury, specific incident,
generally quick acceleration, might report poor warm-up, most often injured in
deceleration phase of sprint, athlete reports a sharp pain in back of leg.
✔✔what is the assessment of a hamstring strain? - ✔✔Weak and painful KF, decreased
length on straight leg raise on injured side, TOP to hamstring muscles.
✔✔what is the treatment for a hamstring strain? - ✔✔POLICE, stretch after 2 weeks,
restore movement, start with very easy hamstring strengthening, progress to dynamic
hamstring length, incorporate eccentric strengthening
✔✔what is the history of a quadriceps strain? - ✔✔Acute injury, specific incident,
landing from a jump, or acceleration, athlete reports a sharp pain in front of leg.
✔✔what is the assessment of a quadriceps strain? - ✔✔Weak and painful KE, limited
and painful quadriceps length test, depending on which quadriceps is injured might also
have pain with hip flexion (if rectus femoris is involved), TOP over quadriceps.
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔what is the history for a lateral collateral ligament sprain? - ✔✔Impact from medial
side, athlete might report a "pop", varus force applied, often from a fall, not a very
common injury.
✔✔what is the assessment for a lateral collateral ligament sprain? - ✔✔Generalized
swelling, laxity with either one of or both Varus stress tests, limited ROM KF/KE, TOP
over LCL
✔✔what is the treatment for a lateral collateral ligament sprain? - ✔✔Avoid varus forces
during daily activities, restore ROM, DTFM, brace, surgery very rare
✔✔what is the history for terrible (unhappy) triad? - ✔✔Generally impact, can occur
non-contact as well, lateral impact to leg.
✔✔what is the assessment for terrible (unhappy) triad? - ✔✔Lots of swelling, positive
ACL tests, MCL tests, medial meniscus tests, intra-capsular swelling tests.
✔✔what is the treatment for terrible (unhappy) triad? - ✔✔treat as per each individual
injury.
✔✔what is the history of a meniscus tear? - ✔✔Usually planted foot with a rotary force,
athlete twists with foot planted, clicking, popping, locking, can also present as chronic
condition in older athletes, knee can feel unstable.
✔✔what is the assessment of a meniscus tear? - ✔✔positive Apley's and McMurray's
tests, IR stresses lateral meniscus, ER stresses medial meniscus, positive intra-
capsular swelling tests, TOP along either medial or lateral joint line depending on which
meniscus is damaged.
✔✔what is the treatment of a meniscus tear? - ✔✔POLICE, AROM, open-chain
strengthening exercises, possible surgery.
✔✔what is the history of a patellar dislocation/subluxation? - ✔✔dislocation - kneecap
completely comes out of groove, subluxation - patellae slipped out of groove, came out
partly. Patellae dislocates almost exclusively laterally, can be from impact, or non-
contact, generally valgus orientation, extremely painful.
✔✔what is the assessment of a patellar dislocation/subluxation? - ✔✔Limited ROM
KF/KE, weakness KE, swelling, positive lateral apprehension test, TOP over medial
retinaculum.
, ✔✔what is the treatment of a patellar dislocation/subluxation? - ✔✔If dislocated
immobilize and treat like a fracture, don't move athlete, call 911. If occurred in past, start
to strengthen quadriceps, use a brace, restore squat pattern
✔✔what is the history of patellofemoral pain syndrome? - ✔✔Chronic injury, repetitive
KF/KE, common in running and running sports, pain behind knee cap, pain worse when
sitting with knee bent or when exercising, has been getting progressively worse.
✔✔what is the assessment of patellofemoral pain syndrome? - ✔✔poor squat pattern,
generally VMO contraction test positive (inhibited), positive patellofemoral grind test,
TOP to dorsal patellae.
✔✔what is the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome? - ✔✔Rest, ice,
biomechanical correction, squat pattern education, patellar taping or strap, stretch and
strengthen quads, hip flexors, hip abductors.
✔✔what is the history of iliotibial band friction syndrome? - ✔✔Gradual onset,
increasing symptoms with activity, pain is on lateral side of knee, pain worse with going
down stairs, change in training habits.
✔✔what is the assessment of iliotibial band friction syndrome? - ✔✔Positive Ober's
length test, positive Noble's compression test, potentially weak hip abductors, poor
squat mechanics, TOP over ITB (sometimes).
✔✔what is the treatment of iliotibial band friction syndrome? - ✔✔POLIE (No C!),
Correct biomechanics, hip strengthening if weak, can provide stretches for tight
structures, rolling on ITB.
✔✔what is the history of a hamstring strain? - ✔✔Acute injury, specific incident,
generally quick acceleration, might report poor warm-up, most often injured in
deceleration phase of sprint, athlete reports a sharp pain in back of leg.
✔✔what is the assessment of a hamstring strain? - ✔✔Weak and painful KF, decreased
length on straight leg raise on injured side, TOP to hamstring muscles.
✔✔what is the treatment for a hamstring strain? - ✔✔POLICE, stretch after 2 weeks,
restore movement, start with very easy hamstring strengthening, progress to dynamic
hamstring length, incorporate eccentric strengthening
✔✔what is the history of a quadriceps strain? - ✔✔Acute injury, specific incident,
landing from a jump, or acceleration, athlete reports a sharp pain in front of leg.
✔✔what is the assessment of a quadriceps strain? - ✔✔Weak and painful KE, limited
and painful quadriceps length test, depending on which quadriceps is injured might also
have pain with hip flexion (if rectus femoris is involved), TOP over quadriceps.
