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Samenvatting - Cel II : Structuur en functies - HST 8

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Samenvatting van 4 pagina's voor het vak Cel II : Structuur en functies aan de UGent (sv celbio)

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CELBIOLOGIE HOOFDSTUK 8
VRAAG 124

Vraag 124 – Wat zijn de drie grote stappen in signaaltransductie?

1. Signaalontvangst (receptie):

o Een extracellulair signaal (hormoon, groeifactor, neurotransmitter, …) bindt aan een receptor
op of in de cel.

2. Signaaltransductie (transmissie/cascade):

o Het signaal wordt via een cascade van intracellulaire moleculen doorgegeven en vaak
versterkt (bv. second messengers, kinase-cascades).

3. Cellulair antwoord (respons):

o De cel verandert haar gedrag: genexpressie, metabolisme, cytoskelet, deling, apoptose, …

VRAAG 125

Vraag 125 – Wat verstaan we onder mechanobiologie?

• Definitie: mechanobiologie bestudeert hoe mechanische krachten (druk, rek, stijfheid, spanning)
invloed hebben op cellen en weefsels, en hoe cellen die krachten omzetten in biochemische signalen
(mechanotransductie).

• Voorbeelden:

o Botten worden sterker bij belasting (sporten).

o Cellen reageren op de stijfheid van de ondergrond (zachte vs. stijve matrix).

o Bloedvaten reageren op bloedstroom (shear stress).

VRAAG 126

Vraag 126 – Wat is mechanosensing?

• Mechanosensing = het vermogen van cellen om mechanische krachten te voelen/detecteren.

• Dit gebeurt via:

o Integrines (focale adhesies met de ECM).

o Ionkanalen (openen/sluiten bij rek of druk).

o Cytoskelet (actine, microtubuli, intermediaire filamenten geven spanningen door).

o Kern (lamina voelt krachten → kan genexpressie beïnvloeden).

Kort: Mechanosensing = kracht detecteren.

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